Clinical diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034 Bacteriological and histological aspects of ventilator-associated pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035 Aetiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036 Diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . ....

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the commonest, yet mostly preventable, infection in mechanically ventilated patients. Successful control of ventilatorassociated pneumonia can save hospitalisation cost, and is possible by using a multidisciplinary clinical and administrative approach. The ventilatorassociated pneumonia rate should be expressed as the number of ventilator-associated pneumonia ...

Introduction Because of increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, there are many difficulties in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)/ventilatorassociated pneumonia (VAP). It is known that patients with MDR pathogens have high mortality and morbidity. We need to know the current status of pathogens and antibiotics therapy for a proper choice of initial antibio...

Introduction / objectives Tracheobronchial tree colonization is considered an important risk factor for the development of ventilatorassociated pneumonia (VAP). The aim of the present study was to examine microbiologically the respiratory tract flora of mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of our institution for the detection of colonization with importa...

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the WHO most dangerous pathogens hit-list and considered a priority of the Public Health Services worldwide. It can cause a wide range of opportunistic infections, typically involving ventilatorassociated pneumonia, septicaemia and surgical wound infections mainly in immunocompromised patients [1]. The general morbidity and mortality rates of infect...

Neonatal pneumonia is a serious respiratory infectious disease caused by a variety of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, with the potential of high mortality and morbidity (1,2). Worldwide neonatal pneumonia is estimated to account for up to 10% of childhood mortality, with the highest case fatality rates reported in developing countries (3,4). It ́s impact may be increased in the case of early on...

Ventilator-associated complications (VACs) are those complications that develop during the period of intubation. The most frequent VAC is infection. Ventilatorassociated tracheobronchitis (VAT) is one of the ventilatorassociated complications occurring in the critically ill patient. This infection represents an intermediate process between lower respiratory tract colonization and ventilator-ass...

Introduction The infections associated with mechanical ventilation are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Limited studies report increased mortality and ICU stay, requirement for mechanical ventilation and higher costs in ventilator-associated Tracheobronchitis (TAV) in comparison to patients with ventilatorassociated pneumonia (NAV). These studies do not descr...

Objective: To review the evidence as to whether early extubation with immediate application of non-invasive ventilation reduces mortality and ventilator-associated pneumonia and improves other outcomes in criticallyill adults receiving invasive ventilation. Data sources: Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, searched up to April, 2008. This search was supplemented by hand-searching of conference proceeding...