We report on measurements of the spontaneous emission factor for oxide-confined InGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. The spontaneous emission factor is determined as a function of the active layer volume from the measurement of small-signal harmonic distortion at threshold. For a 333 mm oxide aperture device we obtain spontaneous emission factor of 4.2•10 at room temperature. © 1997 ...

The control of lateral mode operation using a photonic crystal in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser ~VCSEL! is analyzed and confirmed experimentally. By controlling design parameters of the photonic crystal pattern, we have produced photonic crystal VCSELs that operate in higher order defect modes in addition to the fundamental defect mode. The transverse modal behavior is consistent wit...

VCSELs are used extensively today as transmitters in high-speed optical interconnects. A first generation of 28Gbit/s devices is currently being deployed. Although digital modulation at about 50Gbit/s has been shown [1], it is very unlikely that 100Gbit/s signals can be generated by direct current modulation. New approaches must thus be explored to satisfy the future demand for higher data thro...

Laser operation of a GaN vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is demonstrated under optical pumping with a nanoporous distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). High reflectivity, approaching 100%, is obtained due to the high index-contrast of the nanoporous DBR. The VCSEL system exhibits low threshold power density due to the formation of high Q-factor cavity, which shows the potential of na...

We report on the experimental observation of coherence resonance in a bistable system with delay. Our system consists of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subject to time-delayed optical feedback simultaneously from a long and from an extremely short external cavity. Coherence resonance is experimentally proven by analysis of the residence time distribution of the polarization mode-hoppi...

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subjected to weak polarization-insensitive optical feedback are studied experimentally and theoretically. We find that the feedback induces random anticorrelated hopping between the two orthogonal linearly polarized modes. This polarization mode hopping is accompanied by rapid anticorrelated oscillations in the linearly polarized intensities at the extern...

A novel two-dimensional vertical cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL) based wavelength converter is proposed. We developed a twodimensional transmission line laser model (TLLM) to analyze the proposed wavelength converter. This model takes into account Bragg reflectors by using the modified connecting matrix. Therefore, accurate and efficient modeling of the VCSEL structure is achieved. Extinc...

In vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), the optical cavity is formed by mirrors above and below the gain region (Fig. 19.1(a)). The laser light propagates in a vertical direction and typically exhibits a circular beam shape. Internally, the photons pass the gain region in a perpendicular direction , i.e., optical gain is provided over a short propagation distance only and the ampli...

Direct measurement of scattered fields from oxide confinement apertures in vertical-cavity lasers is presented. Diffraction fringes associated with each transverse lasing mode are detected in the far field from devices with varying oxide aperture dimensions and with quantum efficiencies as high as 48%. The diffracted pattern symmetries match the rectangular symmetry of the oxide apertures prese...