Important parameters of an organic semiconductor material are the electronic band gap (Eg) and position highest occupied lowest unoccupied bands versus vacuum. These called valence conduction for inorganic semiconductors. For semiconductors defining often molecular orbital (HOMO) (LUMO). One advantage semiconducting polymers is ability to tune HOMO LUMO levels by chemical design. The photovolta...

A K-band microwave interferometer for non-destructive sensing of high frequency low amplitude (nm) vibration is demonstrated. This sensor uses direct-conversion receiver architecture with a phase shifter to adjust its sensitivity while varying the target distance. Detection of nanoscale vibration and laser-generated ultrasound waves through thin aluminum plate are measured and then compared wit...

Graphene oxide (GO) can be used as an electron acceptor for polymeric solar cells but still band gap matching for electron donor and acceptor demands more study. The generation of the exciton in such materials is intimately related to the optical band gap. However, exciton dissociation is related to transport band gap that controls the device performance, particularly the open circuit voltage a...