background and aims: influenza a virus subtype h9n2 have continued to circulate in domestic poultry farms in asia since 1998. the virus circulates in live bird markets, missing link in epidemiology of avian influenza. regarding previous studies on h9n2 viruses of iran and having no data on this subject in iranian live bird markets this study was conducted to analyze genetically hemagglutinin pr...

conclusions a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses, identified in this study in shiraz, iran, contained 5 site specific mutations and were susceptible to oseltamivir. results our results revealed that a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses present in these samples were susceptible to oseltamivir, and contained 5 site specific mutations (v13g, v106i, v241i, n248d, and n369k) in na gene. these mutations correlated with increasing e...

varicella-zoster viruses complications involving the cns are estimated to occur rarely, transverse myelitis after varicella-zoster virus in most patients is characterized by an abrupt onset of progressive weakness and sensory disturbance in the lower extremities , like other viruses. we describe the case of 17 year-old boy who experienced cervical transverse myelitis after chickenpox with inabi...

1. King AMQ, Adams MJ,Carstens EB, et al. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. In: Virus Taxonomy. Ninth Report the International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses. Elsevier. 2012;1326–1327. Google Scholar

A common argument against lockdowns is that they restrict freedom. On this view, might be effective in protecting public health, but their impact on freedom purely negative. This article challenges view. It argues while freedom, so too do viruses. Since viruses and protect us from viruses, can the harmful effects have The problem we face not necessarily versus health. Sometimes it itself—or its...

Background: The pandemic and regional influenza outbreaks resulting from antigenic variation of influenza viruses have been the subject of numerous studies which are crucial to the preparation of the vaccine. Frequent global winter outbreaks of influenza viruses require a constant surveillance of emerging influenza variants in order to develop efficient influenza vaccine. Methods: This study wa...

the risks of transmitting viral infection by blood and plasma-derived products have long been known and still remain an area of concern. in this study, in the process of purifying human factor vii from prothrombin complex, sid treatment using tri-n-butyl phosphate and tween 80 was employed and its capability and efficacy was studied. the results indicated that the process did not affect the bio...