Background and Aims: Hemagglutinin (HA) protein of Avian Influenza (AI) plays an essential role in the virus pathogenicity. AI H9N2 subtype causes significant economic loss in broiler and layer in poultry farms in Iran. AI viruses have a great involvement in evolutionary changes at nucleotide and amino acid levels and vaccines could induce faster rates of such changes. Up-dated understanding of...

background in the influenza a viruses, neuraminidase (na), hemagglutinin (ha), pb2, ns1 and m are responsible for the disease pathogenicity. the mechanism of pathogenicity differs among these viruses. binding of host proteases by the viral na, sequence of ha in the cleavage and receptor-binding sites, number of oligosaccharide side chains of ha, shortening of na, and substitutions in pb2, ns1 a...

This paper presents a brief description of the concepts an energetic Universe biological entities, including humans and viruses, as well ways human body’s hemostasis by disintegrating viruses through physical impact at quantum level..

background: oncolytic herpes simplex virus (ohsv) vectors lacking γ34.5 has demonstrated anticancer effects without affecting normal cells. therefore, they are considered as ideal templates to construct efficient vectors for tumor targeting and cancer gene therapy. herein, we reported construction of three single/dually-labeled recombinant hsv-1 vectors, which provide an opportunity to replace ...

technology has had many influences on the iranian society in different eras. today, information and telecommunication technologies have revolutionized the basic structures of society and a new network society has been propagated inside the traditional and semi-modern context. in countries like iran, which are in the process of modernization, a chaos deriving from the transition period is observ...

background globally, almost 20% of cancers are related to infectious agents that can be prevented. oncogenicity refers to viruses that may cause cancers, more importantly in immunocompromised subjects such as transplant and hemodialysis patients. therefore, epidemiological studies are the first line for understanding the importance of these agents in public health, particularly, in mobile popul...

conclusions: this study indicates that rsv is a substantial cause of respiratory tract infection in infants less than 2 years old. rt-pcr offers a rapid method for detection of rsv in hospitalized children with lrti. results: during the study period, 9 children had a positive result for rsv infection. the median age of these patients was 10 months. bronchiolitis was the clinical diagnosis of pa...