OBJECTIVE This paper studies the differences between controlled medical vocabularies that are designed as external artifacts and the mental concepts that are inside users' heads and used by users for reasoning, decision making, diagnosis, and treatment. DESIGN The major theories of concept representations developed in cognitive science were reviewed, analyzed, and compared with the major cont...

The Unified Medical Language System® (UMLS) is a comprehensive terminology integration system designed to support the development of electronic information systems. The UMLS integrates 161 source vocabularies, though for a given purpose, a developer may not need every vocabulary. With the breadth of vocabularies available, there is a need for classifying the UMLS source vocabularies with respec...

A major problem that arises in many large application domains is the discrepancy among terminologies of diierent information systems. The terms used by the information systems of one organization may not agree with the terms used by another organization even when they are in the same domain. Such a situation clearly impedes communication and the sharing of information, and decreases the eecienc...

Language is the chief embodiment of information and it is, therefore, not surprising that in the information age, a new importance should attach to language. The 1980s have been called ‘‘the decade of language.’’ Worldwide the present publication of language tools, such as dictionaries, glossaries, and thesauri, is proceeding at the rate of 500 per month and there now exist over 10,000 vocabula...

This paper presents a framework for the reuse and extension of existing, established vocabularies in the Semantic Web. Driven by the primary application of expert finding, we will explore the reuse of vocabularies that have attracted a considerable user community already (FOAF, SIOC, etc.) or are derived from de facto standards used in tools or industrial practice (such as vCard, iCal and Dubli...

1Q ABSTRACT It has long been known that one of the key factors in determining the accuracy of isolated word recognition systems is the size and/or complexity of the vocabulary. Although most practical isolated word recognizers use small vocabularies (on the order of 10 to 50 words), there are many applications which require medium to large size vocabularies (e.g. airlines reservation and inform...

Modeling and publishing Linked Open Data (LOD) involves the choice of which vocabulary to use. This choice is far from trivial and poses a challenge to a Linked Data engineer. It covers the search for appropriate vocabulary terms, making decisions regarding the number of vocabularies to consider in the design process, as well as the way of selecting and combining vocabularies. Until today, ther...

This study is an attempt to investigate the role of incidental and intentional vocabulary acquisition in addition to the influence of language learning strategy: namely, the use of vocabulary strategy by Iranian EFL learners in learning new vocabularies. Accordingly, this study is two-faceted. First, Part A examines the difference between different modes of presentation, incidental and intentio...

Professional vocabularies are sources of categories that non-professionals borrow and use. Accordingly, professions play a key role in divisions of linguistic labor, generating and distributing, but maintaining control over, words that other use to guide their thinking and behavior. Collectively, organizations and fields coordinate in part through integrating words borrowed from multiple profes...

This article provides a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of models vocabularies for creating linguistic linked data (LLD) focusing on the latest developments in area both building upon complementing previous works covering similar territory. The begins with an overview some recent trends which have had significant impact vocabularies. Next, we give general existing different categories LLD r...