background: few studies have shown the limitation of the world health organization (who)/ international council for the control of iodine defi ciency (iccidd)-adopted thyroid gland volume references as universal normative values for thyroid gland volume. so we decided to measure thyroid gland volume by sonography in schoolchildren in rasht, gilan province, iran — rasht is a metropolitan city on...

in recent years, biosurfactants due to wide applications in chemical, petroleum, food andpharmaceutical industries, have been widely considered by researchers. biosurfactants are produced by aseries of microorganisms, so it is important to screen culture medium and operating conditions in miniaturized bioreactors prior to scaling up to large bioreactors.in this study, using a kind of miniaturiz...

measurement of the stroke volume and its changes over time can be very helpful for diagnosis of dysfunctions in the blood circulatory system and monitoring their treatments. impedance cardiography (icg) is a simple method of measuring the stroke volume based on changes in the instantaneous mean impedanceof the thorax. this method has received much attention in the last two decades because it is...

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background and aims. basic periodontal treatment aims at eliminating supra- and sub-gingival plaque and establishing conditions which will allow effective self-performed plaque control. this aim is primarily achieved with sonic and ultrasonic scalers. however, generation of bacterial aerosols during these procedures is of great concern to patients, the dentist and the dental assistant. the aim ...

amniotic fluid volume (afv) is one of the important parameters in the assessment of fetal well-being. the ability of ultrasound measurements to represent the actual afv is unproven. this study was undertaken to compare correlation of conventional amniotic fluid index (afi) and radial amniotic fluid index (rafi) as a new method with actual fluid volume on phantom. as an experimental study, 10 to...

In the context of Synthetic Differential Geometry, we describe the square volume of a “second-infinitesimal simplex”, in terms of square-distance between its vertices. The square-volume function thus described is symmetric in the vertices. The square-volume gives rise to a characterization of the volume form in the top dimension.