Background: Testing and teaching are interrelated in education process; using various kinds of tests, teachers are able to anticipate the strong and weak points of learning in students, their progress and their accomplishment. The influence of test on teaching and learning is commonly referred to as washback. Testing washback is a twisted concept that becomes even more complex under a various i...

Results: Test results revealed a significant increase in speaking ability, with more significant increases in speaking and listening for participants who reported preparing more intensely for the test. Survey results showed that students focused significantly more on speaking and writing, and significantly less on reading, when preparing for the second test, and those who prepared most intensel...

Abstract Although washback has been widely explored by applied linguists and education researchers, little attention paid to teacher agency in relation it. It is critical understand how language teachers navigate their pedagogy respond the broader curricular goals at a time when schools are being governed using examination test data as accountability mechanisms. Drawing on from classroom observ...

Washback research in language education aims to demonstrate, explain, and ultimately predict, the impact of tests on teaching learning educational contexts. A recent review international arena (Cheng et al., 2015) has revealed a rapidly growing field empirical washback research, yet only two studies were identified as occurring Japanese context. The present article therefore sought more fully d...

Washback refers to the influence of a test on teaching and learning. This study was an attempt to compare the influence of IELTS and TOEFL iBT on the expectations the students brought to their courses and to investigate how these expectations were fulfilled. To this end, 100 IELTS and 120 TOEFL iBT students attending preparation courses took a questionnaire survey, and a sample of their ten cla...

Testing holds an important place in the Iranian test-oriented context where the entrance examinations have serious educational and occupational outcomes. This study aimed to explore the potential washback effects of the General English Language Test of the Ph.D. (GELTP) as part of the Ph.D. University Entrance Examination (PUEE) on the humanities and science students’ perceptions and practices....