Assessing water sources for drinking and irrigation along with community vulnerability, especially in developing and rural regions, is important for reducing risk posed by poor water quality and limited water availability and accessibility. We present a case study of rural mining-agricultural communities in the Lake Poopó Basin, one of the poorest regions on the Bolivian Altiplano. Here, relati...

The significant expansion of China's oases during recent decades has inevitably increased water demand, profoundly affecting the regional budget. While streamflow and precipitation have in under climate change, it remains uncertain whether this augmented supply will suffice to meet increasing demand oases, presenting a great challenge guarantee security. Here we used process-based crop model, o...

Global warming alters surface water availability (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P–E) and hence freshwater resources. However, the influence of land–atmosphere feedbacks on future P–E changes underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that soil moisture (SM) strongly impacts changes, especially in drylands, by regulating evapotranspiration atmospheric inflow. Using model...

Teeth are conspicuous features of many leaves. The percentage of species in a flora with toothed leaves varies inversely with temperature, but other ecological controls are less known. This gap is critical because leaf teeth may be influenced by water availability and growth potential and because fossil tooth characters are widely used to reconstruct paleoclimate. Here, we test whether ecologic...