Two snail species belonging to genus Lymnaea, L.auricularia and L.gedrosiana, were collected from 6 different districts of Shadegan area of Khoozestan. Eight percent of the total collections of the snails revealed the occurrence of larva in them. The prevalence of larva within the snails varied in different districts may be due to different geoclimatic conditions and availability of fresh water...

Ensuring water availability for multiple needs represents a sustainable development challenge globally. Rigid planning for fixed water supply and reuse targets with estimated demand growth and static assumptions of water availability can prove inflexible in responding to changing conditions. Formal methods to adaptively respond to these challenges are needed, particularly in regions with limite...

Freshwater scarcity is a growing concern, placing considerable importance on the accuracy of indicators used to characterize and map water scarcity worldwide. We improve upon past efforts by using estimates of blue water footprints (consumptive use of ground- and surface water flows) rather than water withdrawals, accounting for the flows needed to sustain critical ecological functions and by c...

Understanding the responses of riparian trees to water availability is critical for predicting the effects of changes in precipitation on riparian ecosystems. Dioecious Acer negundo L. (box elder) is a common riparian tree that is highly sensitive to water stress. Earlier studies indicated that the genders of A. negundo respond differently to water availability, with males being more conservati...

The effects of global climate change will regionally be very different, mainly causing considerable changes in temperature and water availability. For Central Europe, for example, increased temperatures are predicted, which will cause increased frequencies and durations of summer drought events. On the other hand, the predicted changes in precipitation patterns will lead to enhanced rainfall du...