BACKGROUND Interpretation of previous associations between water intake and adverse birth outcomes is challenging given that amount and type of water consumed can be non-specific markers of exposure or underlying behavioural characteristics. We examined the relationship between water intake measures and adverse birth outcomes in participants from three study sites in the United States. METHOD...

Adequate water intake, supporting both cardiovascular function and evaporative cooling, is a critical factor in mitigating the effects of heat waves, which are expected to increase with global warming. However, the regulation of water intake during periods of intermittent heat exposure is not well understood. In this study, the effects of access to water or no access during intermittent heat ex...

OBJECTIVE Research is limited on whether mistrust of tap water discourages plain water intake and leads to a greater intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). The objective of the present study was to examine demographic differences in perceptions of tap water safety and determine if these perceptions are associated with intake of SSB and plain water. DESIGN The study examined perceptions of...

BACKGROUND Studies of disinfection by-products in drinking water and measures of adverse fetal growth have often been limited by exposure assessment lacking data on individual water use, and therefore failing to reflect individual variation in DBP exposure. METHODS Pregnant women recruited to the Born in Bradford cohort study completed a questionnaire which covers water exposure. Information ...

OBJECTIVE To assess fluoride (F-) intake from water and toothpaste by children aged 18 to 36 months and to monitor the F- concentrations in the drinking water system in a tropical city of Brazil. METHODS Children (n=58) aged 18-36 months, all lifetime residents of Penedo, state of Alagoas, Brazil, participated in this study. Water F- analyses were carried out in 7 different occasions at least...

Water is essential for life and plain water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages is one approach for decreasing energy intake. Due to limited data on characteristics associated with water intake among Korean adolescents, this study examined associations of demographic and behavioral characteristics with plain water intake by using nationally representative sample of South Korean adolescents. Th...

Objective Some lines of evidences demonstrate that opioids are involved in water and food intake. On the other hand the dopaminergic mesolimbic system that consists of ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex is considered to be crucial in the rewarding actions of opiates. There are also reports showing that this system has some roles in appetite and dr...

objective some lines of evidences demonstrate that opioids are involved in water and food intake. on the other hand the dopaminergic mesolimbic system that consists of ventral tegmental area (vta), nucleus accumbens (nac) and medial prefrontal cortex is considered to be crucial in the rewarding actions of opiates. there are also reports showing that this system has some roles in appetite and dr...