Birds living in desert environments have been the preferred models for the study of physiological adaptations to water scarcity. Passerine birds living in marine coastal habitats face similar problems, yet physiological adaptations to water conservation in such species have been poorly documented. We measured total evaporative water loss (TEWL) and rates of oxygen consumption (VO2) in three spe...

patterns and processes by which physiological variation evolves are fundamental components of ecological physiology (see Feder and Block, 1991). Historically, water balance has been a major focus of investigations dealing with desert animals. Quantifying geographic variability in physiological variables related to desiccation is essential to understand the time frame through which adjustments a...

in arid, semiarid, and mediterranean climates, particularly in west asia and north africa, farmers face limited water resources and must develop irrigation management methods to increase crop production while reducing water use. this study examined methods to reduce irrigation water loss and increase maize water productivity at safiabad agricultural research center in dezful, iran in 2007 and 2...

Flies of the genus Drosophila inhabit a wide range of habitats, from the tropics to deserts to boreal forests. The primary physiological mechanism allowing Drosophila and other insects to survive in arid habitats is a reduction in rates of water loss. To understand mechanisms of water retention in greater detail, we investigated the three main routes by which Drosophila lose water: excretion, c...

1968.-In rats in the heat water lost through saliva is the major component of evaporative water loss. Total evaporative water loss was measured from normal and desalivated rats and salivary evaporative water loss was then estimated as the difference in evaporation between normal and desalivated rats. Above 32 C the salivary evaporation gradually increased up to 44 C which was the highest experi...

BACKGROUND Data from short-term experiments suggest that drinking water may promote weight loss by lowering total energy intake and/or altering metabolism. The long-term effects of drinking water on change in body weight and composition are unknown, however. OBJECTIVE This study tested for associations between absolute and relative increases in drinking water and weight loss over 12 months. ...

CONTEXT Dehydration is assumed to be a major adverse effect associated with rapid loss of body mass for competing in a lower weight class in combat sports. However, the effects of such weight cutting on body fluid balance in a real-life setting are unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of 5% or greater loss of body mass within a few days before competition on body water, blood volume, and...