Interest has increased recently in water recycling and reuse. The possible economic feasibility of reuse and recycling dramatically increases th}complexity of designing a optimal water delivery s stem. In this •a•c•: wc p;csc:.;., ii6,ii•;i,• ..... ud,•i -,ich takes into account both flow requirements and water quality. Because of the model's transshipment formulation the solution technique see...

In an arid and water deficient urban area, such as Xi'an in the northwest region of China, gardening and forestation often use large amounts of tap water. Therefore, there is a need for treated wastewater reuse for such purpose to mitigate urban water shortage, especially in the newly developed housing area, where a high green coverage is often required for both commercial value and living cond...

An increasing drive for water efficiency is leading to a corresponding growing interest in a variety of water recycling initiatives to assist in water efficiency efforts. While available knowledge and technologies exist to provide suitable fit-for-purpose recycled water, concern exists relating to water quality issues, particularly microbial pathogens and chemicals-of-concern. At times these co...

wastewater reuse is an essential issue in water resources management. wastewater reuse alternatives application results in hazards that should be investigated for alternatives' risk analysis. the purpose of this study is to develop an algorithm for risk analysis of wastewater reuse alternatives. therefore, by integrating experts’ comments, risk evaluation and assessment model is developed,...

One possible way to address both water and energy shortage issues, the two of major global challenges, is to recover energy and water resource from wastewater. Herein, a novel electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR) was developed to recover energy from wastewater and meantime harvest clean water for reuse. With the help of the microorganisms in the biocatalysis and biodegradation process, ne...

This paper presents an optimization model for the synthesis of water networks. A superstructure presenting all the available candidates is proposed and the model is solved using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The objective function aims the primary water consumption minimization. The concepts of Pinch Analysis were used as a initial point to limit the solution space. The optimal reuse netwo...