Water resource management is becoming increasingly challenging in northern China because of the rapid increase in water demand and decline in water supply due to climate change. We provide a case study demonstrating the importance of integrated watershed management in sustaining water resources in Chifeng City, northern China. We examine the consequences of various climate change scenarios and ...

To deal with severe drought when water supply is insufficient hedging rule, based on hedging rule curve, is proposed. In general, in discrete hedging rules, the rationing factors have changed from a zone to another zone at once. Accordingly, this paper is an attempt to improve the conventional hedging rule to control the changes of rationing factors. In this regard, the simulation model has emp...

1. Introduction Water Distribution Systems (WDSs) capable of supplying a sufficient quantity of potable water are one of the key infrastructures for a modern sustainable city. The service quality of WDSs is closely related to water conservation and various detrimental disturbances in WDSs, such as pipe bursts and leaks, will result in significant water loss. World-widely, it is reported that 11...

in the present study, water allocation of latian dam between agricultural products was evaluated by using inexact two-stage optimization model and the final results were compared to a fuzzy interval. data were collected from the regional water and agricultural organization of tehran province for 1991 to 2009 years. the results showed that by using interval fuzzy programming, 63%, 69%, 49% and 3...

China is a country with severe water shortages. Water is becoming scarcer due to population growth, industrialization and urbanization. Recent studies show that by the next 50 years water resources per capita will go down to around 1700 m 3, which is the threshold of severe water scarcity. Especially in North China, water shortage has become a critical constraint factor for socioeconomic develo...

For fading broadcast channels, different capacity regions such as the ergodic, outage, minimum rate, or limited-jitter capacity region can be represented by a triplet of rate constraint parameters from each user: a maximum rate, a minimum rate, and a shortage probability over which the minimum rate needs not be guaranteed. For each fading state, the capacity region is obtained by evaluating a f...

the increasing number of hazards related to water shortage in different parts of the world and the probability of socio-economic crisis, social stresses and even war occurrence as water shortage impacts; shows that water supply challenges will be more important and widespread than energy supply challenges in future decades. during the time, with population growth, resource demand increase and p...