Dear Sir: We read with interest the article by Rosa and Clasen 1 about the prevalence of household water treatment in low-income and middle-income countries. They discussed the geographic limitations of their global estimation, especially the lack of data for the largest national population in China. Several surveys covering water and sanitation have been undertaken in China in recent decades, ...

An experimental study of anaerobic treatment was performed by hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HUASB) reactor to treat produced water (PW) of an onshore crude oil terminal (COD: 1597 mg/L, NH3-N: 14.7 mg/L, phenol: 13.8 mg/L, BOD5: 862 mg/L, sodium: 6240 mg/L and chloride 9530 mg/L). The produced water with high salinity and other toxic substances will inhibit the methanogens performance...

The role of ratoon stunting disease in causing yield losses under fully irrigated conditions in the lowveld is as yet undefined. Hot water treatment at 50:5OC for 2 hr was shown to adversely affect germination and reduce stalk population in certain varieties. The optimum age for hot water treatment of NCo 310 and NCo 376 seedcane was found to be 11-12 months. Exposure of hot water treated cane ...

The term bioremediation describes biological machinery of recycling wastes to make them harmless and useful to some extent. Bioremediation is the most proficient tool to manage the polluted environment and recover contaminated river water.  Bioremediation is very much involved in the degradation, eradication, restriction, or reclamation varied chemical and physical hazardous substances from the...

conclusions to solve the above mentioned difficulties, fundamental study most be carried out to discover the novel methods of ferrate(vi) production, focusing on increasing the product stability and the production yield. results despite the existence of these technologies, there is no full-scale application of ferrate(vi) in the water and wastewater industry which it is due to difficulties asso...

1. Toltrazuril, a triazinetrione derivative, is intended for use in chickens and turkeys for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis. Administration is via drinking water at 25 mg/l for continuous administration over 48 hours or at 75 mg/l given for 8 hours per day, on 2 consecutive days. Both treatments correspond to a dose of approximately 7 mg toltrazuril/kg bw/day. For curative treatmen...

Fish skins constitute an important fraction of the enormous amount of wastes produced by the fish processing industry, part of which may be valorized through the extraction of gelatins. This research exploited the extraction and characterization of gelatins from the skin of three seawater fish species, namely yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), blue shark (Prionace glauca), and greenland halibu...

Over the last two decades, Jordan has suffered a chronic water crisis, and is the tenth most water-scarce nation on Earth. Such water stress has been well illustrated in the case of Greater Amman, the capital, which has grown dramatically from a population of around 2000 in the 1920s, to 2.17 million today. One of the distinctive characteristics of the water supply regime of Greater Amman is th...