beneficial management practices (bmps) are important measures for reducing agricultural non-point source (nps) pollution. however, selection of bmps for placement in a watershed requires optimizing available resources to maximize possible water quality benefits. due to its iterative nature, the optimization typically takes a long time to achieve the bmp trade-off results which is not desirable ...

In this paper a procedure for the split-pipe design of looped water distribution network based on the use of simulated annealing is proposed. Simulated annealing is a heuristic-based search algorithm, motivated by an analogy of physical annealing in solids. It is capable for solving the combinatorial optimization problem. In contrast to the split-pipe design that is derived from a continuous di...

abstract this study was conducted to determine the best drip irrigation method for pepper cultivation with the objective of water saving and obtaining maximum yield. the study was done during two years. experimental design was randomized complete blocks design (rcbd) in split plot with four replications. three different drip irrigation methods; drip irrigation with in-line emitter tubes, drip i...

introduction: nowadays, due to lack of water resources and increasing demand for water, agricultural water planning issues need further consideration. with proper planning and determination of irrigation depth and time, the effects of stress and yield loss on the plants are reduced. irrigation scheduling is one of the most important factors in crop’s quality and quantity. the main objective of ...

the relative impacts of different types of land use on the surface water quality are yet to be ascertained and quantified. in this paper, the influence of different types of land use on surface water quality is investigated. rain events samples from different land use in the central plateau, iran, were analyzed for major ions. statistical analyses were employed to examine the statistical relati...

to study the effect of planting pattern and water quantity on potato yields under drip irrigation, this research was conducted using a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in three regions (mashhad, ardebil and damavand, iran) during 2003-2004. nine treatments were used. the main-plots were three levels of irrigation: 100%(i1), 80%(i2), and 60%(i3) of cr...

investigating the role of drought stress conditions on physiological characteristics of plant may provide means to understand basic drought resistance. differences in leaf emergence rate, leaf relative water content (rwc), membrane stability index (msi), leaf mass area (lma), net photosynthesis (anet), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (e), intercellular co2 concentration (ci), ...

Concern about malicious contamination of municipal drinking water networks requires us to consider additional protection measures over physical security alone. In the event of an accidental contamination or malicious attack, knowledge of the time and location of the contamination source can help infrastructure personnel stop the contamination and propose control strategies for containment or fl...