To understand how the direction of root growth changes in response to obstacles, light, and gravity, we characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, wavy growth 2 (wav2), whose roots show a short-pitch pattern of wavy growth on inclined agar medium. The roots of the wav2 mutant bent with larger curvature than those of the wild-type seedlings in wavy growth and in gravitropic and phototropic re...

Muhammad Qasim 1, Zafar Hayat Khan 2, Ilyas Khan 3 and Qasem M. Al-Mdallal 4,* 1 Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; [email protected] 2 Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunktwo 18800, Pakistan; [email protected] 3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Colle...

Our study has been investigated nanofluids' heat transfer performance in a wavy microchannel using theoretical and computational fluid dynamics. Al2O3, CuO, Fe2O3, TiO2 SiO2 have used the calculations as nanoparticles. Volumetric nanoparticle ratios nanofluid are 1%, 2%, 3% 4%. Outlet temperatures, Nusselt number, thermal conductivity efficency convective coefficients of nanofluids at 100, 250,...

In this paper the effect of wall waviness of side walls in a two-dimensional wavy enclosure is numerically investigated. Two vertical wavy walls and straight top wall are kept isothermal and the bottom wall temperature is higher and spatially varying with cosinusoidal temperature distribution. A computational code based on Finite-volume approach is used to solve governing equations and SIMPLE m...

Biopsy of the lesion at scanning power shows laminar hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, slight irregular acanthosis, and a perivascular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary and superficial reticular dermis (Fig. 3), in the mid reticular dermis there is an unencapsulated, poorly defined neoplasm, consisting of a symmetrically arranged proliferation of wavy spindle cells in fascicle...

Manipulation of the configuration of Ag nanowire (NW) networks has been pursued to enhance the performance of stretchable transparent electrodes. However, it has remained challenging due to the high Young's modulus and low yield strain of Ag NWs, which lead to their mechanical failure when subjected to structural deformation. We demonstrate that floating a Ag NW network on water and subsequent ...

A numerical model is developed to quantify the effects of hydrodynamics on heat and mass transfer during an absorption, for a laminar film flowing over a wavy wall column. First of all, the modelling is written for a single wave of the wall shape. Then, an experimental set up, composed of a CCD video camera, validates this model. Finally, the model is extended to an entire column. The results i...

The high efficiency of monocoque cylindrical shells in carrying axial loads is curtailed by their extreme sensitivity to imperfections. For practical applications, this issue has been alleviated by introducing closely stiffened shells which, however, require expensive manufacturing. Here we present an alternative approach that provides a fundamentally different solution. We design symmetry-brea...

Microscopic billow-like wavy folds have been observed along slip planes of the Nojima active fault, southwest Japan. The folds are similar in form to Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instabilities occurring in fluids, which implies that the slip zone underwent “lubrication” such as frictional melting or fluidization of fault gouge materials. If the temperature range for generation of the billow-like wavy ...

Controlling the swimming behavior of bacteria is crucial, for example, to prevent contamination ducts and catheters. We show that modeled by deformable microswimmers can accumulate in flows through straight microchannels either their center or on previously unknown attractors near channel walls. In wavy we predict a resonance effect semiflexible microswimmers. As result, be deflected controlled...