The transcription factor SKN-1 protects Caenorhabditis elegans from stress and promotes longevity. SKN-1 is regulated by diverse signals that control metabolism, development, and stress responses, but the mechanisms of regulation and signal integration are unknown. We screened the C. elegans genome for regulators of cytoprotective gene expression and identified a new SKN-1 regulatory pathway. S...

The effects of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 on heat-evoked firing of spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons were examined in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. Fifty-eight WDR neurons (1 cell/animal) were recorded from the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horns of rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) and sham-operated controls. Relative to sham-operated controls, neurons recorded in...

Plants, like mammals, rely on their innate immune system to perceive and discriminate among the majority of their microbial pathogens. Unlike mammals, plants respond to this molecular dialog by unleashing a complex chemical arsenal of defense metabolites to resist or evade pathogen infection. In basal or non-host resistance, plants utilize signal transduction pathways to detect "non-self," "dam...

The diversity of pigmentation patterns observed in plants occurs due to the spatial distribution and accumulation of colored compounds, which may also be associated with structural changes to the tissue. Anthocyanins are flavonoids that provide red/purple/blue coloration to plants, often forming complex patterns such as spots, stripes, and vein-associated pigmentation, particularly in flowers. ...

We introduce the theoretical basis, design, and application of a patented innovative high-tech product, SXDZ-100 nerve and muscle stimulator. This product is featured with a built-in chip containing transcoding information from different acupuncture manipulation collected from the wide dynamic neurons (WDR) in the spinal dorsal horn in animal experiments, which is bioinformation feedback therap...

The World Dialogue on Regulation for Network Economies (WDR) facilitates an international dialogue to generate and disseminate new knowledge on frontier issues in regulation and governance to support the development of network economies.

Studies at spinal levels indicate that peripheral tissue or nerve injury induces a state of hyperexcitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons that participates in the development of persistent pain and hyperalgesia. It has not been demonstrated that persistent injury in the orofacial region leads to a similar state of central hyperexcitability in the trigeminal system. The purpose of the present ...

Our recent work has suggested that the nitric oxide/guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signal transduction system contributes to central sensitization of spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons in part by influencing the descending inhibition of nociception resulting from stimulation in the periaqueductal gray. This study was designed to examine further whether activation of the NO/cGMP ...