Are new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) such as the Internet and the World Wide Web a boon to poor countries and poor people around the globe, enabling them to leapfrog their underdevelopment and become equal partners in an emerging global order? Or, have the new technologies , introduced into an asymmetric global system, already become an engine of greater social inequality? ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) on spinal nociceptive processing and the role of the inhibitory endocannabinoid system in regulating sensory processing at the spinal level. METHODS Experimental OA was induced in rats by intraarticular injection of sodium mono-iodoacetate (MIA), and the development of pain behavior was assessed. Extracellular...

Scratching behavior is used to assess itch sensation in animals, but few studies have addressed the relative scratch-inducing capacity of different algesic and pruritic chemicals. Furthermore, central neural mechanisms underlying itch are not well understood. We used electrophysiological and behavioral methods to investigate the ability of several irritant chemicals to excite neurons in the sup...

This research focuses on the role played by cultural norms in the long run persistence of gender inequalities. Cultural norms about gender roles are considered to be endogenous and can generate gender inequality and low development traps. Indeed, when the gender gap is internalized, it leads to inegalitarian views about gender roles. Due to these inegalitarian beliefs, boys receive more educati...

This report is a synthesis of six case studies on street vending in Africa. The case studies re drawn from Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Cote D'Ivoire and South Africa. The synthesis of the case studies arose out of a World Bank invitation to Women In Employment Globalising and Organising [WIEGO] to contribute to its forthcoming World Development Report [WDR] focusing on the theme `Investment...

The theme of this year’s WDR is how to structure institutions to bring about an e¤ectively functioning market economy. There is no question that political institutions play a key role here. In most countries political institutions determine the rules of access to considerable discretionary coercive power. Political institutions determine the context in which key functions of government are unde...

The UAF1 (Usp1 Associated Factor 1) protein binds and stimulates three deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB), USP1, USP12, and USP46. While the USP1/UAF1 complex is required for regulation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway, less is known about the USP12/UAF1 and the USP46/UAF1 complexes. To further understand the nature of the USP12 and USP46 complexes, we attempted to identify proteins th...