The Calculus of Looping Sequences is a formalism for describing evolution of biological systems by means of term rewriting rules. We propose to enrich this calculus by labelling elements of sequences. Since two elements with the same label are considered to be linked, this allows us to represent protein interaction at the domain level. Well-formedness of terms are ensured by both a syntactic co...

Named entities create serious problems for state-of-the-art commercial machine translation (MT) systems and often cause translation failures beyond the local context, affecting both the overall morphosyntactic well-formedness of sentences and word sense disambiguation in the source text. We report on the results of an experiment in which MT input was processed using output from the named entity...

We present an unsupervised approach to reconstructing ancient word forms. The present work addresses three limitations of previous work. First, previous work focused on faithfulness features, which model changes between successive languages. We add markedness features, which model well-formedness within each language. Second, we introduce universal features, which support generalizations across...

A central problem in software maintenance is change propagation: given a set of primary changes that have been made to software, what additional secondary changes are needed? Although many approaches have been proposed, automated change propagation is still a significant technical challenge in software engineering. In this paper we report on an evaluation of an agent-based approach for change p...

We present an application—XronoMorph—for the algorithmic generation of rhythms in the context of creative composition and performance, and of musical analysis and education. XronoMorph makes use of visual and geometrical conceptualizations of rhythms, and allows the user to smoothly morph between rhythms. Sonification of the user generated geometrical constructs is possible using a built-in sam...

The Calculus of Looping Sequences is a formalism for describing evolution of biological systems by means of term rewriting rules. We propose to enrich this calculus by labelling elements of sequences. Since two elements with the same label are considered to be linked, this allows us to represent protein interaction at the domain level. Well-formedness of terms are ensured by both a syntactic co...

In this article we present Bali, the formalization of a large (hitherto sequential) sublanguage of Java. We give its abstract syntax, type system, well-formedness conditions, and an operational evaluation semantics. Based on these deenitions, we can express soundness of the type system, an important design goal claimed to be reached by the designers of Java, and prove that Bali is indeed type-s...

DEFINITION XML parsing is the process of reading an XML document and providing an interface to the user application for accessing the document. An XML parser is a software apparatus that accomplishes such tasks. In addition, most XML parsers check the well-formedness of the XML document and many can also validate the document with respect to a DTD (Document Type Definition) or XML schema. Throu...

Event-related potentials were recorded from 13 scalp locations while participants read sentences containing a syntactic ambiguity. In Experiment 1, syntactically disambiguating words that were inconsistent with the "favored" syntactic analysis elicited a positive-going brain potential (P600). Experiment 2 examined whether syntactic ambiguities are resolved by application of a phrase-structure-b...

The paper discusses three different kinds of syntactic ill-formedness: ellipsis, conjunctions, and actual syntactic errors. It is shown how a new grammatical formalism, based on a two-level repr_e sentation of the syntactic knowledge is used to cope with Ill-formed sentences. The basic control struc ture of the parser is briefly sketched; the paper shows that it can be applied without any subst...