This study investigated different accounts of children's acquisition of non-subject wh-questions. Questions using each of 4 wh-words (what, who, how and why), and 3 auxiliaries (BE, DO and CAN) in 3sg and 3pl form were elicited from 28 children aged 3;6-4;6. Rates of noninversion error (Who she is hitting?) were found not to differ by wh-word, auxiliary or number alone, but by lexical auxiliary...

Hearing loss during the critical period for language acquisition restricts spoken language input. This input limitation, in turn, may hamper syntactic development. This study examined the comprehension, production, and repetition of Wh-questions in deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. The participants were 11 orally trained Hebrew-speaking children aged 9.1-12.4 with moderate-to-profound hea...

There exist several important empirical and theoretical issues in dealing with English wh-questions. Among these are syntactic connectivity between the wh-filler and its putative gap, so-called that-trace effect, and constraints in the formation of infinitival wh-questions. Many attempts have been made to account for these, but few succeeded in obtaining satisfactory support. This paper offers ...

Compared to typically developing children, children with autism (ASD) show delayed production of wh-questions. It is currently controversial the degree to which such deficits derive from social-pragmatic requirements and/or because these are complex grammatical structures. The current study employed the intermodal preferential looking (IPL) paradigm, which reduces social-pragmatic demands. The ...

The present research utilized aspects of the Principles and Parameters Approach (P&PA; Chomsky, 1991, 1993) in linguistic theory as well as findings from the psycholinguistic literature as a basis for examining sentence production in aphasic individuals. We examined the production of particular wh-movement constructions--wh-questions requiring movement of an argument noun phrase (i.e., who and ...

Artificial Intelligence chatbots have shown a growing interest in different domains including e-learning. They support learners by answering their repetitive and massive questions. In this paper, we develop smart learning architecture for an inclusive chatbot handling both text voice messages. Thus, disabled can easily use it. We automatically extract, preprocess, vectorize, construct AskBot's ...

The acoustic characteristics of German echo questions are explored in a production study. It is shown that there are prosodic differences (F0, duration, intensity) between echo questions signalling a high level of emotional arousal, echo questions signalling that the speaker did not understand the previous utterance, and questions requesting completely new information. The findings are largely ...

In German, wh-questions and verb-second wh-exclamatives are string-identical and can only be distinguished by intonation. This study presents data from a production experiment where speakers produced contextualized questions and exclamatives, showing that the two sentence types differ in many acoustic measures throughout the clause. The results also indicate that the realization of both sentenc...