All types of dementia involve mental decline that: • occurred from a higher level (for example, the person didn’t always have a poor memory) • is severe enough to interfere with usual activities and daily life • affects more than one of the following four core mental abilities • recent memory (the ability to learn and recall new information) • language (the ability to write or speak, or to unde...

OBJECTIVES After years of public discussion too little is still known about willingness to accept the idea of writing an advance directive among various groups of people in EU countries. We investigated knowledge about and willingness to accept such a directive in cancer patients, healthy controls, physicians, and nursing staff in Germany. METHODS Cancer patients, healthy controls, nursing st...

The paper evaluates and synthesizes research on the question of how error correction affects learners’ ability to write accurately, combining qualitative analysis of the relevant studies with quantitative metaanalysis of their findings. The conclusions are that, based on existing research: (a) the best estimate is that correction has a small negative effect on learners’ ability to write accurat...

BACKGROUND The ability to write clearly and effectively is of central importance to the scientific enterprise. Encouraged by the success of simulation environments in other biomedical sciences, we developed WriteSim TCExam, an open-source, Web-based, textual simulation environment for teaching effective writing techniques to novice researchers. We shortlisted and modified an existing open sourc...

THE FUTURE OF MAN. Predictions of a Biologist. By P. B. Medawar. New York, Basic Books Inc., 1960, 128 pp. $3.00. This book proves that scientific distinction and the ability to write lucidly and entertainingly are not necessarily incompatible. Many fascinating points are raised, few definitive answers are given. Why do children born between May and October have slightly higher scores in intell...

Objectives: After years of public discussion too little is still known about willingness to accept the idea of writing an advance directive among various groups of people in EU countries. We investigated knowledge about and willingness to accept such a directive in cancer patients, healthy controls, physicians, and nursing staff in Germany. Methods: Cancer patients, healthy controls, nursing st...

Willingness to pay is a term used in economics, which can be defined as the maximum amount a person would be prepared to pay, sacrifice or exchange in order to receive goods or services or to avoid something that is undesired. It can be used in medicine as a method for assessing the value of health benefits in a cost-benefit analysis. One indication of the importance of this concept is the prog...

the air in tehran is one of the most polluted airs in the entire world. because of the air pollution in the great tehran area, morbidity, mortality and symptoms emerge. this study has been conducted for the first time in iran. according to this study the total annual direct medical costs of morbidity estimated at us$ 3258255.48.our work also led to the estimation of an income elasticity of wtp ...