Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interests. skin contact with consumer items, but nickel is also an important cause of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Accordingly, excessive nickel exposure has been shown in many occupations (1–3). As it is important for clinicians to confirm and quantify occupational nickel exposure, practical and inexpensive tools are needed...

We tested the effectiveness of disinfectants and wipe methods against Clostridium difficile spores. Wiping with nonsporicidal agents (physical removal) was effective in removing more than 2.9 log(10) C. difficile spores. Wiping with sporicidal agents eliminated more than 3.90 log(10) C. difficile spores (physical removal and/or inactivation). Spraying with a sporicide eliminated more than 3.44 ...

The nearly physical revulsion many conservatives feel for environmental groups and values, and their reflex action to protect business being encroached upon, threaten to wipe out all the gains that preceded this Court. Raw political partisanship that sees the [Rehnquist] Court side with business interests is most apparent in environmental cases. The courts are in lockstep with the Right's attem...

The primary prevention of alcoholism and/or the alcoholic syndrome, like the primary prevention of any other so-called "health" problem, hinges upon the awareness of two fundamental ingredients. First, to wipe out the occurrence of the problem requires the identification of the constellation of risk factors. Secondly, it then follows that there must be an elimination of some if not all of these...

High humidity inside ductworks could be a potential risk for microbial growth and there is also hypothesis that lower night-time ventilation increases the of growth. This study investigates possibility in ductwork exposed to humid cold conditions. Two different typical strategies public buildings were investigated: rate was either continuously same (0.15 L/s, m2) or no airflow during night-time...

Rolling contact fatigue is a common failure mode in gears and bearings. However, this getting greater attention due to the increasing tendency use lower viscosity lubricants reduce losses. Though several types of research have been done over past decades, there are still scopes for further investigations. This study aims effect slide roll ratios (SRR), surface roughness treatment on wear pittin...

The Bertrand paradox holds that price competition among at least two firms eliminates all profits in equilibrium, when firms have identical constant marginal costs. This assumes that the number of competitors is common knowledge among firms. If firms are uncertain about the number of their competitors, there is no pure strategy equilibrium. But in mixed strategies an equilibrium exists. In this...

In this paper, we investigate the effect of listing mediation history in the context of social network service, which has been recognized as a crucial platform for word-of-mouth diffusion. We focus on how people continuously mediate a message which is previously created. Information mediation refers to active participation of relaying an inbound message to outbound subscription nodes with sendi...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis among apiaries using both spore counts and multiplex PCR and the replacement of N. apis by N. ceranae in some regions of Turkey. METHODS A hundred honey bee samples were collected from 99 apiaries in 11 different locations in 2011-2012 in Turkey. Nosema infection degree from collected sample...

We present an interaction technique called “wiping”, which allows to move information units beyond screen boundaries onto different devices or displays in the environment. The technique uses a physical metaphor and makes the information units behave similar to physical objects. The technique can be used with mice or pens on the corresponding devices, or with bare hands under a camera. We give a...