dar bayan-i ?istikhradj-i djayb-i yik daradja is a persian treatise by an anonymous author. the author’s purpose is to describe and explain a method for the determination of the sine of one degree according to ??sh ch?’s persian commentary on ulugh beg’s z?dj, and ????z?da’s arabic treatise entitled ris?la fi ?istikhradj djayb daradja wahida. kad?zada’s work, extant in several manuscripts, is, ...

finger reckoning is one of the five types of signification(dalala),which al – jahiz mentioned in his book, al–bayan wa al–tabyin . by this he meant a particular representing numbers by means of the outstretched or bent fingers and their various positions .finger reckoning can be traced in some prose and verse writings and traditional(hadith) sources; for example, in a recorded speech through wh...

there is no doubt that any compiler or author use different instruments for creating a new work. among these instruments are the sources and the references that he used them to prove his theory.not mentioning to the references and documents of nahjul-balagha by sharif razi is one of the doubts arises around this book. of course, sharif razi just mentioned to the references and documents of nahj...

the purpose of this article is to identify the various mystical interpretations of horuf-e-moqatta’e (separated letters) in qur’an. ten mystical interpreters-the qur’an-al-azim, haghayegh-al-tafsir, lata’ef- al-esharat, kashf-al-asrar, ara’es-al-bayan, ta’vilat, rouh-al-bayan, manzum e safi, bayan-al-sa’adah- have been selected from several centuries and their explanations, after entries about ...

as one of the systematizing philosophers, kant holds some views on education and training in general and religious education in particular. the present article introduces his views on religious education with its necessity and scope. organized in four parts, this article attempts to study the theoretical foundotions of kant's view on religious education by exploring his works. in the first...