youth play a pivotal role in nineteenth-century russianliterature. their life and thoughts were different from others. they developeddifferent ideas and methods. the grasp of different sciences, eloquence, poetand literature, fighting skills, and aristocratic way of life were commoncharacteristics of superfluous man. however, they were different from usualaristocrats. they did not find anything...

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Over 800,000 people die due to suicide every year and there are many more who attempt suicide. Hence, many millions of people are affected or experience suicide bereavement every year. Suicide occurs throughout the lifespan and was the second leading cause of death among 15-29 year olds globally in 2012. It is a global phenomenon in all regions of the world; Suicide accounted for 1.4% of all de...

This paper summarizes recent work on the econometrics of identification in rational expectations models by myself and Andreas Beyer. In this work, we discuss the relationship between structure and reduced form in linear rational expectations models and we apply our analysis to a class of new Keynesian models that are frequently used to inform the policy debate. We argue that the identifying ass...

A preference for fairness or equity in the distribution of resources influences many human decisions (1). The origin of this preference is a topic that has consumed philosophers (2), social scientists (3), and biologists (4) for centuries. However, although we feel a sense of fairness deeply and intuitively, it has so far been difficult to explain from first principles how such a feeling might ...

Real networks, including biological networks, are known to have the small-world property, characterized by a small "diameter", which is defined as the average minimal path length between all pairs of nodes in a network. Because random networks also have short diameters, one may predict that the diameter of a real network should be even shorter than its random expectation, because having shorter...