It is without a doubt that Internet has immensely helped the growth of e-commerce businesses. Thesmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) are businesses with lower number of employees than a giventhreshold. Theterm is generallyusedbyorganizationssuch as EuropeanUnion, United Nations, World Trade Organization, World Bank andso on. Inthispaper, we present the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that h...

Indonesia saat ini sedang menghadapi gugatan Uni Eropa (UE) di Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO) terkait kebijakan pelarangan ekspor bijih nikel. Gugatan UE bermula dari keluarnya pemerintah untuk melarang nikel dalam bentuk bahan baku sejak 2020. Kebijakan tersebut dinilai melanggar Pasal XI GATT tentang komitmen tidak menghambat perdagangan. masih memiliki beberapa alternatif melalui ketentu...

This article has examined the effect of duration membership in World Trade Organization (WTO) on submission trademarks by countries’ residents. The analysis used an unbalanced sample 124 countries (including developed and developing countries) and, primarily, binominal regression approach supplemented generalized method moments estimator, which was utilized for robustness check. Results have sh...

W hen then European Union Trade Commissioner Pascal Lamy returned from the 1999 World Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial in Seattle, where gas-choked streets overflowing with tens of thousands of protesters had signaled the emergence of a worldwide movement against ‘‘corporate-led globalization,’’ he expressed support for broadening the input taken on trade-rules formation. One lesson of the ...

China, the European Union, and United States are world's largest traders. They have a big stake in multilateral system of rules to manage inevitable frictions among interdependent economies organized on different principles. This paper discusses elements WTO reform agenda through lens positions taken by these three members, identifying extent alignment key subjects, including transparency, disp...