Özet. Test Güdümlü Yazılım Geliştirme modeli önce test koşullarının yazılmasını, sonrasında da yazılan testleri geçecek ve kendinden beklenen işlevi yerine getirecek kodun yazılarak bir yazılımın geliştirilmesini öngören yazılım geliştirme modelidir. Başarılı test sürecinin gerçekleştirilmesi ile en az hataya sahip yüksek doğrulukta yazılımlar üretilebilmektedir. Günümüzde test güdümlü yazılım ...

This paper presents a general review related to the problem of three­dimensional objects’ reconstruction from range data images. It descr ibes the problem and reviewed the main areas of concern in each of the intermediate steps that make up the overall process of sur faces reconstruction with the most impor tant works in the area cover ing a wide var iety of techniques and models propos...

The global financial crisis hastened the development of the Shenzhen GEM is a venture capital a key link in the chain, force the development of SME financing difficulty in resolving the issue. In view of the characteristics and specific risks of Growth Enterprise Market (GEM), this paper measures the market risk of 28 listed companies on the GEM by use of VaR techniques, and introduces VaR into...

Although controversial from the theoretical point of view, quantile risk measures are widely used by institutions and regulators. In this paper we show that the use of measures like Value at Risk or Conditional Tail Expectation as optimization criteria for insurance or reinsurance leads to treaties that are not enforceable and/or are clearly bad for the cedent. We argue that this is one further...

In this paper it is proved that a concave distortion function is a necessary and sufficient condition for coherence, and a strictly concave distortion function is a necessary and sufficient condition for strict consistency with second order stochastic dominance. The results are related to current risk measures used in practice, such as value-at-risk (VaR) and the conditional tail expectation (C...

Regulatory authorities demand insurance companies to control the risks by imposing stringent risk management policies. This article investigates the insurance company’s optimal risk management strategy subject to regulator’s risk measure constraints. We first design the optimal reinsurance contracts under different tail risk measures. Then we analyze the impact of the regulators’ requirements o...

We consider the problem of identifying the worst case dependence structure of a portfolio X1, . . . ,Xn of d-dimensional risks, which yields the largest risk of the joint portfolio. Based on a recent characterization result of law invariant convex risk measures the worst case portfolio structure is identified as a μ-comonotone risk vector for some worst case scenario measure μ. It turns out tha...

Consider a portfolio of n obligors subject to possible default. We propose a new structural model for the loss given default, which takes into account the severity of default. Then we study the tail behavior of the loss given default under the assumption that the losses of the n obligors jointly follow a multivariate regular variation structure. This structure provides an ideal framework for mo...