Reading and writing are core competencies of any society. In Germany, international and national comparative studies such as PISA or IGLU have shown that around 25% of German school children do not reach the minimal competence level necessary to function effectively in society by the age of 15. Automized diagnosis and spelling tutoring of children can play an important role in raising their ort...

conclusions nursing students did not experience effective clinical learning. having expert instructors and supportive communication are important factors in creating a clinical learning environment. background clinical training is an integral part of nursing education; however, some studies have shown that it is not always efficient. objectives this study aimed to find out the factors that can ...

Pause analysis is a method that investigates processes of writing by measuring the amount of time between pen strokes. It provides the field of second language studies with a means to explore the cognitive processes underpinning the nature of writing. This study examined the potential of using free handwritten copying of sentences as a means of investigating components of the cognitive processe...

This paper describes the enhancement of cultural competence through trans-Atlantic rural community experiences of European and Canadian nursing students using critical incident technique (CIT) as the students' reflective writing method. The data generated from 48 students' recordings about 134 critical incidents over a 2-year project were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Five main lear...

According to self-determination theory, people have three basic psychological needs: relatedness, competence, and autonomy. Of these, the authors reasoned that relatedness need satisfaction is particularly important for promoting prosocial behavior because of the increased sense of connectedness to others that this engenders. In Experiment 1, the authors manipulated relatedness, autonomy, compe...

Young children often make mirror errors when learning to read and write, for instance writing their first name from right to left in English. This competence vanishes in most adult readers, who typically cannot read mirror words but retain a strong competence for mirror recognition of images. We used fast behavioral and fMRI repetition priming to probe the brain mechanisms underlying mirror gen...

Arnau de Vilanova, one of the most important physicians of the Latin Middle Ages, was familiar with the vast majority of Aristotle's works that had been translated into Latin. He used a wide range of them, such as the Organon--the introductory books on logic - and the natural philosophical books, which cover a different branches of knowledge. He used Aristotle as an authority, trying to reconci...

Adriane Fugh-Berman examines documents unsealed in recent litigation to investigate how pharmaceutical companies promoted hormone therapy drugs, including the use of medical writing companies to produce ghostwritten manuscripts and place them into medical journals.

Methods: First, we constructed a questionnaire based on the descriptors collected from various sources in order to elicit university teachers’ views on the importance of these descriptors. A revised version was produced based on the feedback from the initial questionnaire survey. In order to further investigate what level or levels these remaining descriptors would fall into, 35 university teac...

In this thesis, we investigate automated assessment (AA) systems of free text that automatically analyse and score the quality of writing of learners of English as a second (or other) language. Previous research has employed techniques that measure, in addition to writing competence, the semantic relevance of a text written in response to a given prompt. We argue that an approach which does not...