Writing is an important part of testing language ability, and it urgent to find some objective indicators determine evaluate the surface structure, which will help learners’ better master target language. Complexity semantic coherence are considered be factor in teaching second writing. In practice, due complexity English writing syntax, such as a large number high-dimensional nonlinear optimiz...

Abstract The increasing importance of the Common European Framework Reference (CEFR) has led to research on linguistic characteristics its levels, as this would help application CEFR in design teaching materials, courses, and assessments. This study investigated whether levels can be distinguished with reference syntactic complexity (SC). 14- 17-year-old Finnish learners English (N=397) wrote t...

This study adopted a corpus-based, contrastive approach to lexical complexity in the academic writing of first language (L1) and second (L2) postgraduates. Lexical scores were extracted using Complexity Analyzer from Corpus Arab Proficient Users English (CAPUE), consisting Saudi academics’ dissertations applied linguistics. To investigate potential differences between this corpus native speaker...

This study addresses the current debate about the beneficial effects of text processing software on students with different working memory (WM) during the process of academic writing, especially with regard to the ability to display higher-level conceptual thinking. 54 graduate students (M = 15, F = 39) wrote one essay by hand and one by keyboard. Our results show a beneficial effect of text pr...

Despite increasing interest in pathological and non-pathological dissociation, few researchers have focused on the spiritual experiences involving dissociative states such as mediumship, in which an individual (the medium) claims to be in communication with, or under the control of, the mind of a deceased person. Our preliminary study investigated psychography - in which allegedly "the spirit w...

The recognition of Arabic script and its derivatives such as Urdu, Persian, Pashto etc. is a difficult task due to complexity of this script. Particularly, Urdu text recognition is more difficult due to its Nasta'liq writing style. Nasta'liq writing style inherits complex calligraphic nature, which presents major issues to recognition of Urdu text owing to diagonality in writing, high cursivene...

We propose a new verification method that extracts local individual writing habits from signatures. In registration process, correspondence estimation is done with the reference signatures and strong parts of individual writing habits are extracted in the plural. In verification process, a questioned signature is checked by using the local individualities that is extracted from reference signat...