background the use of shielding tools and x-ray beam collimator has extensively been advocated as effective methods to reduce radiation exposure to patients underwent radiological procedures. the aim of this study was to address the use of these protection measures during infant chest radiography. material and methods 348digital and/or analogue infant chest radiographs were reviewed that perfor...

The attenuation of x-rays in a material forms the basis of x-ray radiography and tomography. By measuring the transmission of the x-rays over a large amount of raypaths, the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the x-ray linear attenuation coefficient can be reconstructed in a 3D volume. In x-ray microtomography (μCT), however, the x-ray refraction yields a significant signal in the transmiss...

Objective(s). The major challenge encountered to decrease the milliamperes (mA) level in X-ray imaging systems is the quantum noise phenomena. This investigation evaluated dose exposure and image resolution of a low dose X-ray imaging (LDXI) prototype comprising a low mA X-ray source and a novel microlens-based sensor relative to current imaging technologies. Study Design. A LDXI in static (gro...

Electron Beam welding is becoming more important in Indian industries due to the growing automation of the process and superior weld quality, resulting from virtually zero heat affected zone (HAZ). Two main types of defects are often encountered in EB welding joints viz void type defects and crack type. EB welding joints must be radiographically inspected for all these types of defects and it i...

Shear coaxial injectors are a common injector type for liquid-rocket-propulsion applications and can be found in many oxygen/hydrogen engines. These injectors rely on the shear between an outer lower-density, high-velocity annulus and a higher-density, low-velocity inner jet to atomize and mix the propellants. Because of the dense-jet core, the optical densities of these sprays are high, partic...

Conventional radiography only provides a measure of the X-ray attenuation caused by an object; thus, it is insensitive to other inherent informative effects, such as refraction. Furthermore, conventional radiographs are degraded by X-ray scatter that can obscure important details of the object being imaged. The novel X-ray technology diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) has recently allowed the v...