In the field of gene expression analysis, DNA microarray technology is having a major impact on many different areas including toxicology. For instance, a number of studies have shown that transcription profiling can generate the information needed to assign a compound to a mode-of-action class. In this study, we investigated whether compounds inducing similar toxicological endpoints produce si...

The effects of the orally active selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor Zileuton (A-64077, (N-1(1-benzo{b}thien-2-ylethyl)-N-hydroxyurea) were studied in a canine model of hypothermic intestinal organ ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (transplant preservation injury). Forty-eighty hours of hypothermic intestinal ischemia utilizing Collin's flush, followed by 1 hr of reperfusion (transplantation) in...

Purpose: To evaluate the mechanism of drug release of a slightly soluble drug (theophylline) from nanocomposite of zeolite (ZLT) or hydrotalcite (HTC) used as drug carrier. Methods: Nanocomposite was prepared with dispersion of either ZLT or HTC as drug carrier and theophylline (THP) as drug in drug to clay ratios of 1:2, 3:4 and 1:1. The formulations were characterized for drug release and loa...

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is one of the most difficult forms of CRS to treat and exhibits frequent recurrence regardless of therapeutic modality (1). Current consensus guidelines support longterm medical treatment with intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) sprays, supplemented with short, infrequent courses of oral corticosteroids. Several reviews have systematically exami...

The use of herbal medicines has been documented throughout recorded history including Assyrian clay tablets (2000 BC) and the Egyptian Ebers Papyrus (1550 BC) and in Ayurveda works from 900 BC. Arab scholars in Europe kept detailed notes regarding the use of medicinal plants. In the modern era, the research of natural bioactive molecules began with the isolation of morphine from opium latex in ...

Cysteinyl leukotrienes act as potent bronchoconstrictors and are part of the inflammatory cascade initiated during an asthma attack. They are produced – along with other inflammatory agents – by inflammatory cells, including mast cells and eosinophils. Leukotriene modifiers act by either inhibiting leukotriene formation (zileuton) or as leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs; montelukast and z...

Asthma continues to be a clinically important disease despite decreasing mortality from the condition. Asthma prevalence, as well as urgent office appointments, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations associated with asthma, are all increasing in the United States and globally.1,2 Multiple theories exist regarding the increase in prevalence, but most authorities agree that the increas...

1. Inhalation of vanadium compounds, particularly vanadate, is a cause of occupational bronchial asthma. We have now studied the action of vanadate on human isolated bronchus. Vanadate (0.1 microM-3 mM) produced concentration-dependent, well-sustained contraction. Its -logEC50 was 3.74 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- s.e.mean) and its maximal effect was equivalent to 97.5 +/- 4.2% of the response to acetylc...

A minority of asthma patients have disease that proves difficult to control with usual medications and experience ongoing symptoms, poor quality of life, and limitations in activity and/or frequent asthma exacerbations. This group of patients accounts for much of the expense associated with asthma care and is the focus of national and international collaborative study groups. Distinguishing bet...