BACKGROUND The effect of the extraction time (min) and temperature (°C) on the yield of betulinic acid (BA) from Zizyphus joazeiro barks using focused microwave-assisted extraction was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethyl acetate was used as extractor solvent because it was shown to provide a betulinic acid-clean extract. A full two-level statistical factorial design was applied to d...

Ziziphus nummularia from Rhamnaceae family is traditionally used for sedative-hypnotic, antipyretic and analgesic purposes; however, scientific validations are lacking. This in vivo study was undertaken to verify the above ameliorative properties of Z. nummularia root methanolic extract. Various fractions of the extract were assayed on Balb/c mice by open field, Brewer's yeast-induced hyperther...

Effects of salt stress on Artemisia scoparia and A. vulgaris "Variegate" were examined. A. scoparia leaves became withered under NaCl treatment, whereas A. vulgaris "Variegate" leaves were not remarkably affected. Chlorophyll content decreased in both species, with a higher reduction in A. scoparia. Contents of proline, MDA, soluble carbohydrate, and Na(+) increased in both species under salt s...

BACKGROUND The -308 G/A polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene has been implicated in the risk of acne vulgaris, but the results are inconclusive. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the overall association between the -308 G/A polymorphism and acne vulgaris risk. METHODS We searched in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI for studies evaluating the association bet...

Barney, J. N. and DiTommaso, A. 2003. The biology of Canadian weeds. 118. Artemisia vulgaris L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 205–215. Artemisia vulgaris L. (mugwort) is an introduced rhizomatous perennial found primarily along roadsides, in waste areas, and in non-containerized nursery crops in eastern regions of Canada and the United States. Artemisia vulgaris is rapidly spreading throughout the Nor...

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Iranian and British Thymus vulgaris L. were obtained by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty two components were identified in the Iranian Th. vulgaris essential oil that represented 99.06% of the oils. The major components were thymol (60.54%), γTerpinene (9.47%), p-cymene (8...

Cardiovascular disorders are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris) is a commonly used plant in traditional medicine. In recent studies, B. vulgaris showed antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, anticholinergic, and cardioprotective effects. We reviewed the literature to explore the possible prophylactic and therapeutic roles of B. vulgaris in cardiovascular medici...

Atherosclerosis, which manifests as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and peripheral arterial diseases, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Prunella vulgaris, a perennial herb with a worldwide distribution, has been used as a traditional medicine in inflammatory disease. Here, we investigated the effects of P. vulgaris ethanol extract on TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses i...

UNLABELLED Verruca vulgaris (common warts) is a benign lesion of skin and mucous membranes caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). The lesions are typically self-limited but may vary in size and number. The occurrence on the tongue is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only one verruca vulgaris existing in the tongue had been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A rare case ...

Acne vulgaris is an extremely common condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit of the skin and characterized by presence of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, cysts, which might result in permanent scars. Acne vulgaris commonly involve adolescents and young age groups. Active acne vulgaris is usually associated with several complications like hyper or hypopigmentation, scar formation and s...