BACKGROUND Context and purpose of the study. To examine (1) associations between county-level zoning to support farmers' market placement and county-level farmers' market availability, rural/urban designation, percent African American residents, and percent of residents living below poverty and (2) individual-level associations between zoning to support farmers' markets; fruit and vegetable con...

There has been an increasing focus on exclusionary zoning; particularly in suburban areas, as a cause of the high house prices in many metropolitan areas in the United States. Most of the recent evidence, though, is indirect given the difficulty of isolating the direct causal impact of zoning on house prices. One main problem to overcome is that zoning is not exogenous but is rather the result ...

Considerable prior analysis has gone into the study of zoning restrictions on locational choice and on fiscal burdens, but none addresses the level and distribution of public goods provided under fiscal zoning. Our analysis emphasizes the interplay between land use restrictions and public good provision, focusing on schooling outcomes. We extend existing general equilibrium models of location a...

Many health studies use aggregate data such as the means or totals for areal units or zones when individual level data are not available. An ecological analysis using these data typically produces estimates that differ from those obtained using the corresponding individual level analysis. This is due to the modifiable area unit problem (MAUP) whereby the results of the analysis depend on the sc...

Dynamic zoning (systematic alteration in the spatial and temporal allocation of even-aged forest management practices) has been proposed as a means to change the spatial pattern of timber harvest across a landscape to maximize forest interior habitat while holding timber harvest levels constant. Simulation studies have established that dynamic zoning strategies produce larger tracts of interior...

This paper discusses the use of multi objective evolutionary algorithms applied to the engineering of zoning for handwriten recognition. Usually a task fulfilled by an human expert, zoning design relies on specific domain knowledge and a trial and error process to select an adequate design. Our proposed approach to automatically define the zone design was tested and was able to define zoning st...

The key issue in this paper is the appropriateness and equity of land-use planning mechanisms, and any associated cross-subsidization, as a means of enhancing the supply of affordable housing. The paper will examine the principles of ‘affordable housing through planning’ in England and it will comment on ‘inclusionary zoning’ as a means to promote affordable housing in the USA. The ways in whic...

Content zoning can be understood as a segmentation of textual documents into zones. This is inspired by [6] who initially proposed an approach for the argumentative zoning of textual documents. With the prototypical Cozo+ engine, we focus on content zoning towards an automatic processing of textual streams while considering only the actors as the zones. We gain information that can be used to r...

Zoning eco-protected areas is important for ecological conservation and environmental management. Rapid and continuous urban expansion, however, may exert negative effects on the performance of practical zoning designs. Various methods have been developed for protected area zoning, but most of them failed to consider the conflicts between urban development (for the benefit of land developers) a...

There are many approaches to model an elevator routing system. In this paper, I shortly describe some literature, wherein different manners to model the routing system are presented. A simulation approach, dynamic programming and polling systems are used to model the routing system. In the simulation approach zoning is often used. Zoning means that the floors are split into a number of zones, e...