Here we investigate how ß-adrenergic stimulation of the heart alters regulation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) by intracellular Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) and the role of these changes in SR Ca(2+) release. RyRs were isolated from rat hearts, perfused in a Langendorff apparatus for 5 min and subject to 1 min perfusion with 1 µM isoproterenol or without (control) and snap frozen in liquid N2 to capture th...

Beta-carotene is a terpenoid pigment that is highly valuable due to its nutritional benefit as a precursor of vitamin A and its antioxidant properties. A marine green alga Dunaliella salina is well known for high carotene, with above 95% β-carotene, under growth-limiting conditions. Carotene contents are different among D. salina strains and under different culture conditions. Selecting a Dunal...

Beta-carotene research has progressed rapidly in the past few years. New techniques have allowed accurate measurements of beta-carotene concentrations in plasma, tissues, and diet. New animal models, stable isotope techniques, and human depletion and repletion experiments are leading an explosion in the information about beta-carotene utilization in humans. These advances are leading to a bette...

Biosynthesis, Carotenoids, /?-Carotene, Photosynthesis Two /7-Carotene pools were obtained in the chloroplast. It is concluded that one pool is very small like a-carotene and responsible exclusively for the biosynthesis of /?-ionone-xanthophylls. The other ^-carotene pool is proposed to be the one, that is located close to photosystem I and is involved in photosynthesis as a light protecting ag...

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BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and isoprostane which has been used as an index of lipid injury, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which has been used as an index of DNA damage, and dialkyl-phosphate (DAP), which has been used to quantify pesticide exposure, and to investigate the relationship between pesticide exposure and oxidative stress. MET...

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHSR1a, mediates the biological activities of ghrelin, which includes the secretion of growth hormone, as well as the stimulation of appetite, food intake and maintenance of energy homeostasis. Mapping phosphorylation sites on GHSR1a and knowledge of how these sites control specific functional consequences unlocks new strategies for the development of t...

TGF-ß is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and function. We previously reported an essential role of the TGF-ß -Smad2/3 pathways in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, we comprehensively identified Smad2/3 target genes in bone marrow macrophages. These genes were enriched in the gene popul...

The literature on TGF-ß in cancer including data on the expression or activation of TGF-ß pathway components in specific tumors types is steadily growing. However, no systematic and uniform analysis exists reporting expression levels of the main TGF-ß pathway components across the most frequent tumor types. We used a standardized immunohistochemical assay investigating TGF-ß isoform expression ...

Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) signaling plays an important role in regulating crucial biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Many of these processes are also an integral part of amelogenesis. In order to delineate a precise role of TGF-ß signaling during amelogenesis, we developed a transgenic mouse line that harb...