The fair exchange problem is key to trading electronic items in systems of mutually untrusted parties. In modern variants of such systems, each party is equipped with a security module. The security modules trust each other but can only communicate by exchanging messages through their untrusted host parties, that could drop those messages. We describe a synchronous algorithm that ensures determ...

Security focused OS (Secure OS) is attracting attention as a method for minimizing damage caused by various intrusions. Secure OSes can restrict the damage due to an attack by using Mandatory Access Control (MAC). In some projects, secure OSes for Linux have been developed. In these OSes, different implementation methods have been adopted. However, there is no method for easily evaluating the p...

We use weights on objects in an abelian category to define what we call a path metric. introduce three special classes of weight: those compatible with short exact sequences; induced by their metric; and which bound prove that these conditions are fact equivalent, such exact. As case metric, obtain distance for generalized persistence modules whose indexing is measure space. this Wasserstein di...

We introduce a new propositional proof system, which we call H, that allows quantification over permutations. In H we may write (∃ab)α and (∀ab)α, which is semantically equivalent to α(a, b) ∨ α(b, a) and α(a, b) ∧ α(b, a), respectively. We show that H with cuts restricted to Σ1 formulas (we denote this system H1) simulates efficiently the Hajós calculus (HC) for constructing graphs which are n...

BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an emerging marker of biological age. Chronic inflammatory activity is commonly proposed as a promoter of biological aging in general, and of leukocyte telomere shortening in particular. In addition, senescent cells with critically short telomeres produce pro-inflammatory factors. However, in spite of the proposed causal links between inflammatory a...

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Food and Drug Administration-approved biologic TNF-α inhibitors are thus a potential treatment for AD, but they do not cross the blood-brain barrier. In this short review, we discuss the involvement of TNF-α in AD, challenges associated with the development of existing biologic TNF-α inhibit...

Michael addition of pyrimidine and purine nucleobases to substituted as well as unsubstituted α,β-unsaturated esters efficiently proceeds in the presence of catalytic amount of zinc oxide in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (ZnO/[bmim]Br) under microwave irradiation to afford carboacyclic nucleosides, as biologically important compounds, in good to excellent yields and in short ...

Let R be a ring and let M be a right R-module with S End MR . M is called almost general quasiprincipally injective or AGQP-injective for short if, for any 0/ s ∈ S, there exist a positive integer n and a left ideal Xsn of S such that s / 0 and lS Ker s Ss ⊕ Xsn . Some characterizations and properties of AGQP-injective modules are given, and some properties of AGQP-injective modules with additi...

We give a complete picture of the interaction between Koszul and Ringel dualities for quasi-hereditary algebras admitting linear tilting (co)resolutions of standard and costandard modules. We show that such algebras are Koszul, that the class of these algebras is closed with respect to both dualities and that on this class these two dualities commute. All arguments reduce to short computations ...