Despite the near ubiquity of intertemporal choice, there is little consensus on rate at which individuals trade present and future costs benefits. We contribute to this debate by estimating discount rates from extensive data housing transactions spatiotemporal variation in property taxes England. Our findings imply long-term average net growth nominal that are between 3 4 percent. The close cor...

Se evaluó el uso de las reservas energéticas reproductores juveniles Pteria sterna (50 mm altura; 9 meses edad) durante su primera madurez sexual en condiciones laboratorio. empleó una dieta microalgal base (Dieta M) complementada con fécula maíz rica carbohidratos (dietas F1 y F2) microcápsulas ricas lípidos L1 L2), equivalente a ración diaria del 1 2 % la biomasa seca tejidos blandos. hiciero...

A (partially naïve) quasi-hyperbolic discounter repeatedly chooses whether to complete a task. Her net benefits of task completion are drawn independently between periods from time-invariant distribution. We show that the probability completing conditional on not having done so earlier increases towards deadline. Conversely, we establish nonidentifiability by proving for any time-preference par...

We study experimentally when, why, and how people intervene in others’ choices. Choice Architects (CAs) construct opportunity sets containing bundles of time-indexed payments for Choosers. CAs frequently prevent impatient choices despite opportunities to provide advice, believing Choosers benefit. They violate common behavioral welfare criteria by removing options even when all payoffs are dela...

purpose: to evaluate color vision in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy and compare the results with those of age- and sex- matched normal individuals. methods: this descriptive, comparative study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients without any sign of retinopathy and 100 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. color vision was evaluated using ishihara and far...

We compare an inverse-planning intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique with three previously published forward-planning dynamic arc therapy techniques and a newly implemented technique for treatment of prostate only. The three previously published dynamic arc techniques are dynamic arc therapy (DAT), two-axis dynamic arc therapy (2A-DAT), and modified dynamic arc therapy (M-DAT). The ...

Housing is mostly exempted from Medicaid and Supplemental Social Insurance means tests. Reforms of this special treatment have been debated, but little known about its costs, benefits, redistributive implications. I estimate a life cycle model single retirees accounting for exemption. It shows that the homestead exemption explains important patterns recipiency it highly valued. also estate reco...

The T5 D15 exonuclease purified from an overproducing strain of E. coli was shown to possess a low level of endonucleolytic activity specific for single-stranded DNA when assayed with 1-10 mM Mg2+ as co-factor. Endonuclease activity on double-stranded circular DNA could not be detected under these conditions. Nicked circular DNA was first gapped by the enzyme's exonucleolytic activity, creating...