BACKGROUND In developing countries, Ilizarov or AO external fixator is usually used for treatment of tibial open fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of these two methods for treatment of tibial open fractures. METHODS From April 2002 to April 2010, 120 patients with open tibial fractures admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Babol University of Medical Scie...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) varies in different countries, while the cut-off for airflow obstruction (AO) is still contested. No COPD prevalence data based on the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) 2012 equations are available in Russia. OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess AO prevalence by the GLI lower limit of normal (GLI-LLN) and the fixed cut-off, ...

INTRODUCTION Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common form of adult congenital heart disease. When compared to patients with a normal trileaflet aortic valve, dilatation of the aortic root and the ascending aorta (Asc Ao) are the common findings in patients with BAV, with consequent higher risk of developing aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and rupture. We aim to determine the site of t...

BACKGROUND: Radial head fractures are common injuries, and there is little information on the reliability of classification systems for such injuries. The purpose of our study was to report the interobserver reliability of 2 commonly used classification systems: the Hotchkiss modification of the Mason classification and the AO classification systems. METHODS: We compiled the radiographs from a ...

Myopic observers may not benefit to the same extent as emmetropes from adaptive optics (AO) correction in a visual acuity (VA) task. To investigate this, we measured AO-corrected VA in 10 low myopes and 9 emmetropes. Subjects were grouped by refractive error. Mean spherical equivalent refractive error was -2.73 D (SEM = 0.35) for the myopes and 0.04 D (SEM = 0.1) for the emmetropes. All subject...

Adaptive optics (AO) is a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effect of wave front distortions. Retinal imaging using AO aims to compensate for higher order aberrations originating from the cornea and the lens by using deformable mirror. The main application of AO retinal imaging has been to assess photoreceptor cell density, spacing, and mosaic regular...

BACKGROUND Electrochemical methods, as one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), have recently been applied to remove different contaminants from water and wastewater. This study compares the performance of anodic oxidation (AO) and electro-Fenton (EF) methods on waste sludge treatment. METHODS This experimental study was performed on real sludge and the effect of operating parameters s...

We sought to examine the potential role of oxidative stress on skeletal muscle function with advancing age. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was employed to simultaneously assess muscle perfusion (arterial spin labeling) and energetics ((31)P NMR spectroscopy) in the lower leg of young (26 + or - 5 yr, n = 6) and older (70 + or - 5 yr, n = 6) healthy volunteers following the consumption of eith...

Feeding of C/chla monoculu. Splx, 1829 (Teleo8tel: Clchlldae) during and after re..rvolr formation In the Tocantln. River, Central Brazil. We examined Cichla monoculus feeding In a stretch of the upper Tocantins River during construction of the Serra da Mesa power plant. Fishes were sampled bimonthly during two periods: reservoir filling (Dec/96 to Apr/98) and operation (Jun/98 to Feb/OO). Stom...

BACKGROUND The increase in tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence is observed in recent decades in a number of subarctic countries. The reasons of it are widely discussed in scientific publications. The objective of this study was to understand if the climate change in Arkhangelsk Oblast (AO) situated in the north of European subarctic zone of Russia has real impact on the northward expansion ...