هدف: سوء‌مصرف مواد عبارت است از الگوی غیرانطباقی مصرف که طریق پیامدهای نامطلوب عودکننده و قابل‌ملاحظه مرتبط با استعمال مکرر ظاهر می‌شود. متغیرهای چندگانه بر شدت، مدت درمان اختلالات سوءمصرف تأثیر می‌گذارند. برآوردها در سال ۲۰۱۷ نشان داد ۲۷۱ میلیون نفر جهان یک یا چند ماده‌مخدر استفاده کرده‌اند. پژوهش حاضر نوع علی‌-مقایسه‌ای بود، هدف مقایسه تکانشوری، استحکام من، ناگویی هیجانی حمایت اجتماعی ادراک‌ش...

مگس میوه زیتون، (Rossi) Bactrocera oleae حشره‌ای مونوفاژ بوده و مهمترین آفت زیتون در سرتاسر جهان بویژه کشورهای مدیترانه می‌باشد. این پژوهش به منظور مطالعه تغییرات جمعیت مراحل مختلف زندگی برخی ویژگی‌های زیست‌شناسی دو سال منطقه طارم سفلی استان قزوین انجام شد. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که حشره سفلی، سه تا پنج نسل دارد. زمستان را صورت حشرات کامل پناهگاه‌های ندرت شفیره زیر بقایای گیاهی خاک‌های نرم باغ‌ها...

The term pixel, for picture element, was first published in two different SPIE Proceedings in 1965, in articles by Fred C. Billingsley of Caltech’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The alternative pel was published by William F. Schreiber of MIT in the Proceedings of the IEEE in 1967. Both pixel and pel were propagated within the image processing and video coding field for more than a decade before t...

a Dept. Gastroenterology, University Hospital Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50139 Florence, Italy b S.C. Gastroenterologia, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Corso Re Umberto 109, 10128 Torino, Italy c Tees Bowel Cancer Screening Centre, University Hospital of North Tees, Hardwick Road, TS19 8PE Stockton-on-Tees, Cleveland, UK d Durham University, County Durham, UK e Gastroenterology, CHU Henri Mondor, 51 ...

The aim of this study is to show how alcohol industry renders women into high risk behavior in Tanzania. Increasing HIV/AIDS prevalence rates, its impact on physical and psychosocial health is a worldwide public health concern. Engagement in multiple sex relations is hereby regarded as a proxy to high risk behavior. Intrinsic factors associated with alcohol are responsible for high risk behavio...

The coagulation factors V (FV) and VIII (FVIII) are important at sites of vascular injury for the amplification of the clotting cascade. Natural variants of these factors frequently lead to severe bleeding disorders. To understand the mechanisms of activation of FVIII by thrombin, we used a bank of mutant thrombins to define residues important for its activation. From the initial screening of 5...

The current used parameters for transseptal puncture (TSP) under fluoroscopic guidance is from left atriography and need to be verified by precise anatomic measurement. From February 2009 to July 2013, consecutive patients who received computed tomography (CT) were included. Landmarks and parameters were preliminary studied by right atriography, and further evaluated on the CT images of 1001 pa...

In the study of adaptive behavior, the stop-signal paradigm provides a measure of the ef®ciency of response suppression that lends itself to examining the ability to inhibit one's actions, and two complementary types of factors that may in ̄uence that ability. Based on neurobiological considerations, age-related individual di€erences were hypothesized to be such a factor. In agreement with the t...