This essay is a review of Anjuli Raza Kolb’s recent book Epidemic Empire: Colonialism, Contagion, and Terror, 1817–2020 (Chicago, 2020): https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/E/bo63099943.html. It also serves as discussion cholera, yellow fever, imperialism, the Caribbean, especially Ha...

Background and Objective: Today, obesity is one of the most important health problems in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of caffeine and high fat diet on expression of PGC1-α, Fndc-5 and UCP-1 genes in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: To study the aim of this survey, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups (n=10 in each group), includin...

Central administration of melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor (MC3/4-R) agonists increases energy expenditure, with the hypothalamus commonly held as the primary site of action. It is also clear, however, that MC4-R are expressed in caudal brainstem structures of relevance to the control of energy expenditure. Three experiments investigated whether hindbrain MC-R contribute to the energy expenditure ...

Objectives: Considering the rarity of umbilical cord prolapse (UCP) and lack of accurate data about the risk factors and health outcomes, we aimed to evaluate cases of cesarean section (CS) due to UCP in order to reduce treatment costs and provide information about the mortality and morbidity associated with this condition.Patients & Methods: Of 35,259 cases of CS performed in four hospitals du...

To address the potential role of lipotoxicity and mitochondrial function in insulin resistance, we studied mice with high-level expression of uncoupling protein-1 in skeletal muscle (UCP-H mice). Body weight, body length, and bone mineral density were decreased in UCP-H mice compared with wild-type littermates. Forelimb grip strength and muscle mass were strikingly decreased, whereas muscle tri...

The development of novel targeted therapies holds promise for conquering chemotherapy resistance, which is one of the major hurdles in current breast cancer treatment. Previous studies indicate that mitochondria uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) is involved in the development of chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer and lung cancer cells. In the present study we found that lower level of miR133a i...

The mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP), which is exclusively expressed in brown adipose tissue, regulates energy expenditure in rodents but its importance in the energy homeostasis of adult humans is uncertain. To study associations of UCP gene expression with human obesity, we determined, by a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, UCP mRNA expression levels in ...

A specific immunoassay of uncoupling protein (UCP) and measurement of GDP binding were used to study the chronic responses of brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria from rats made obese by dietary means (cafeteria rats) and from obese rats subsequently fed a standard diet (post-cafeteria rats). We studied the response to fasting in order to assess the masking/unmasking responses in these group...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the temporal changes in uncoupling protein (UCP)-3 expression, as well as related adaptive changes in mitochondrial density and fast-to-slow fiber type transitions during chronically enhanced contractile activity. We examined the effects of 1-42 days of chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation (CLFS), applied to rat tibialis anterior (TA) for...