Keywords Disease name and synonyms Diagnosis criteria / definition Differential diagnosis Frequency Clinical description Management including treatment Etiology Diagnostic methods Genetic counseling Antenatal diagnosis References Abstract Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a cerebral cortical malformation characterized by excessive cortical folding and by shallow sulci. Microscopic examination reveals abn...

The Protein Movie Generator (PMG) is an online service able to generate high-quality pictures and animations for which one can then define simple storyboards. The PMG can therefore efficiently illustrate concepts such as molecular motion or formation/dissociation of complexes. Emphasis is put on the simplicity of animation generation. Rendering is achieved using Dino coupled to POV-Ray. In orde...

Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a complex cortical malformation which has so far defied any mechanistic or genetic explanation. Adopting a broad definition of an abnormally folded or festooned cerebral cortical neuronal ribbon, this review addresses the literature on PMG and the mechanisms of its development, as derived from the neuropathological study of many cases of human PMG, a large proportion in ...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the efficacy of carvacrol (CVR) and pomegranate (PMG) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal damage using histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 195-250 g, were divided into four groups: control, MTX treatment alone, MTX plus CVR and MTX plus PMG. A sing...

Polymicrogyria (PMG) and periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) are two developmental brain malformations that have been described independently in multiple syndromes. Clinically, they present with epilepsy and developmental handicaps in both children and adults. Here we describe their occurrence together as the two major findings in a group of at least three cortical malformation syndromes....

In most mosquito species, the females require a blood-feeding for complete egg development. However, in Toxorhynchites mosquitoes, the eggs develop without blood-feeding, and both females and males exclusively feed on sugary diets. The midgut is a well-understood organ in blood-feeding mosquitoes, but little is known about it in non-blood-feeding ones. In the present study, the detailed morphol...

BACKGROUND Primary mediastinal goiters (PMG) are very uncommon; few cases were reported in the literature. PATIENT DESCRIPTION We report here two cases of mediastinal goiters that met all criteria of PMG. Transternal approach was necessary for complete removal and pathological diagnoses confirmed their adenomatous goiter nature. The rarity of their occurrence, their clinical characteristics a...

BACKGROUND In allergic asthma, Th2 lymphocytes are believed to play important roles in orchestrating airway eosinophilia and inflammation. Resetting the Th1/Th2 imbalance may have a therapeutic role in asthma. The mycobacterium tuberculosis 30-kilodalton major secretory protein (antigen 85B, Ag85B) can protect animals from M. tuberculosis infection by inducing a Th1-dominant response. METHODS...

Animals must continually adapt to varying locomotor demands when moving in their natural habitat. Despite the dynamic nature of locomotion, little is known about how multiple muscles, and different parts of a muscle, are functionally integrated as demand changes. In order to determine the extent to which synergist muscles are functionally heterogeneous, and whether this heterogeneity is altered...

We studied circuit activities in layer IV of rat somatosensory barrel cortex containing microgyri induced by neonatal freeze lesions. Structural abnormalities in GABAergic interneurons are present in the epileptogenic paramicrogyral area (PMG) and we therefore tested the hypothesis that decreased postsynaptic inhibition within barrel microcircuits occurs in the PMG and contributes to epileptoge...