The bifid mandibular condyle is a rare anomaly. A variety of causes are implicated with its development such as developmental origin and trauma. Because of the lack of epidemiological data, there is little information about the real incidence of this malformation. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of bifid mandibular condyle in a 20-year-old woman who referred to a private radiologi...

Diphallia or penile duplication is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. It occurs once in every 5.5 million live births. The extent of penile duplication and the number of associated anomalies vary greatly, ranging from a double glans from a penis with no associated anomaly up to complete penile duplication associated with multiple anomalies. Here, we report a 12-year-old boy with complete bif...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides belong to the family of mucin-associated peptides and are expressed in most mucosal surfaces. TFF peptides carry out functions such as proliferation and migration enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and wound healing. Moreover, TFFs are associated with mucins and interact with them as "linker peptides", thereby influencing mucus viscosity. To test ...

BACKGROUND the absence or delay of the swallowing reflex is considered a significant sign of dysphagia. Therefore, the therapy traditionally applied to these cases consists in increasing the intra-oral input through cold touches (0 or 00 larynx mirror) on the inferior portion of the inferior third of the palatoglossus arch. AIM to identify in healthy young individuals which oropharyngeal regi...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify how sleep breathing indices and airway morphology vary according to skeletal classification and the relationships between airway morphology and sleep breathing indices. Method: Forty-four non-syndromic female Japanese patients, who were diagnosed with jaw deformities and underwent surgical orthodontic treatment were enrolled in this study. Using...

OBJECTIVES To elucidate the variations of the lateral pharyngeal wall anatomy on physical examination and to assess the clinical importance of the examination of the lateral pharyngeal wall on the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted at Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey, between May 2010 and April 2011. The pati...

An interesting possibility to develop system programmer thinking of students of computer science is integration digital technology to non-trivial pencil and paper cipher system. The computer support gives us the opportunity of experimenting and creative modifications of the original idea. The paper describe introducing method of system approach, modeling and computer simulation to learning of a...

Upper airway (UA) inflammation (oedema and hyperaemia) is frequently observed in snorers and patients with sleep apnoea/hypopnoea patients. The temperature of different UA regions measured in 11 male nonsnorers, 13 nonapnoeic snorers and 10 untreated sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) patients using infra-red video recording. Measurements were taken with the mouth open during tidal volume m...

Convergence of visual motion and vestibular information is essential for accurate spatial navigation. Such multisensory integration has been shown in cortex, e.g., the dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd) and ventral intraparietal (VIP) areas, but not in the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC). Whether similar convergence occurs subcortically remains unknown. Many Purkinje cells in verma...

A 58-year-old Japanese female was admitted to our hospital for treatment of ovarian cancer. She had no urinary tract symptoms at the time of presentation. Preoperative CT (Computed Tomography) was performed for surgical planning, and it revealed two left-sided ureters including a short ureter with a blind, cystic ending and a short ureter joined to the main ureter before entering into the bladd...