With the development of the Web 2.0 era, new technologies and applications have emerged to make it possible for individuals to produce and share geographic information on the Internet. This development is expanding at a high rate, and has received large response from users. Spatial data infrastructure is a framework of policies, institutional arrangements, technologies, data and people that mak...

The main objective of software inspections is to find faults in software artefacts. The benefits of inspections are reported from researchers as well as software organizations. In some studies, the fault detection in inspections has shown to be more efficient than other validation and verification activities. A problem, however, is that inspections sometimes are not as efficient and effective a...

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) development is widely known to be a challenging process owing to its complex and dynamic nature. Although great effort has been made to conceptually explain the complexity and dynamics of SDIs, few studies thus far have actually modeled these complexities. In fact, better modeling of SDI complexities will lead to more reliable plans for its development. A state...

Today, more than ever, it is important to look beyond our national boundaries. The world as we know it is changing. Economies worldwide are undergoing a process of profound and continuing structural change, and the global village is becoming a reality driven by information and communication technologies. With this background, many countries throughout the world believe they can benefit both eco...

BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to drugs of addiction induces cellular adaptations in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and associated limbic-prefrontal pathways that might underlie abuse-related behavior. A propensity to make risky decisions in spite of substantial negative consequences might be mediated by medial OFC dysfunction in substance-dependent individuals (SDI). We tested the hypothesis that med...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Frontolimbic circuits are involved in learning and decision-making processes thought to be affected in substance-dependent individuals. We investigated frontolimbic cortical morphometry in substance-dependent men and women and determined whether morphometric measurements correlated with decision-making performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight abstinent SDI (17 me...

BACKGROUND Substance dependence is associated with impaired decision-making and altered fronto-striatal-limbic activity. Both greater and lesser brain activity have been reported in drug users compared to controls during decision-making. Inconsistent results might be explained by group differences in the temporal profile of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response. While most p...

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) development is widely known to be a challenging process owing to its complex and dynamic nature. Although great effort has been made to conceptually explain the complexity and dynamics of SDIs, few studies thus far have actually modeled these complexities. In fact, better modeling of SDI complexities will lead to more reliable plans for its development. A state...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS We studied damage accrual and factors determining development and progression of damage in an international cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. METHODS The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Inception Cohort recruited patients within 15 months of developing four or more 1997 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE;...

Over the last ten years development of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) has become an important subject being a driving force towards the vision of Digital Earth increasing the availibility and accessibility of geographic information exchange and sharing of spatial data. Worldwide, large investments have been made to develop SDI initiatives. Given the expenditure and society‟s interest in th...