In this paper, a method of reducing the tracking error in CNC machining is proposed. The structured neural network is used to approximate the discontinuous friction in CNC machining, which has jump points and uncertainties. With the estimated nonlinear friction function, the reshaped trajectory can be computed from the desired one by solving a second order ODE such that when the reshaped trajec...

We show that when the researcher’s (observable but not contractible) contribution to innovation is crucial, a covenant not to compete (CNC) reduces effort and profits under both spot and relational contracts. Having no CNC allows the researcher to leave for a rival. This alleviates a commitment problem by forcing the firm to reward a successful researcher. However, if the firm’s R&D investment ...

We show that when the researcher’s (observable but not contractible) contribution to innovation is crucial, a covenant not to compete (CNC) reduces effort and profits under both spot and relational contracts. Having no CNC allows the researcher to leave for a rival. This alleviates a commitment problem by forcing the firm to reward a successful researcher. However, if the firm’s R&D investment ...

For solving the security problems caused by the errors occurred during the real-time transmission of the fieldbus in the CNC system, a new transmission scheme, which involves the error detection and self-correction, was proposed based on the dual ring fieldbus in the CNC system. This scheme specifies a structure of two-way transmission in fieldbus and a data format with self-correcting function...

Hands-on laboratory instruction is essential to improve student learning in engineering education. In the area of CAD/CAM/Manufacturing Technology lab courses, the high cost of commercial CNC machines like mills and lathes limits the quantity of machines accessible to the students. In this paper, a low-cost, build-your-own (BYO) three axis vertical computer numerical control (CNC) mill prototyp...

In the domain of manufacturing, computer numerically controllers (CNC) technology is a major contributor to the production capacity of the enterprises. The advances in CNC technology coupled with enhancements in computing systems have provided the basis to re-examine the way in which computer-aided systems (CAx) can be used to enable global manufacturing. Interoperability of the various compone...

In Caenorhabditis elegans, the predicted transcription factor SKN-1 is required for embryonic endodermal and mesodermal specification and for maintaining differentiated intestinal cells post-embryonically. The SKN-1 DNA-binding region is related to the Cap'n'Collar (CNC) family of basic leucine zipper proteins, but uniquely, SKN-1 binds DNA as a monomer. CNC proteins are absent in C. elegans, h...

We have isolated two related Xenopus homologues of the homeotic zinc finger protein Teashirt1 (Tsh1), XTsh1a and XTsh1b. While Drosophila teashirt specifies trunk identity in the fly, the developmental relevance of vertebrate Tsh homologues is unknown. XTsh1a/b are expressed in prospective trunk CNS throughout early neurula stages and later in the migrating cranial neural crest (CNC) of the thi...

CNC Machines in heavy power plants have an important part to play. CNC stands for "Computer Numerical Control." A CNC machine directs a cutting tool, which may range from a small scalpel to a woodcutting blade or router, based on directions that the operator has entered into a computer that controls the movement of the head holding the cutter. A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a microcon...