Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes visceral white spot disease in several marine and aquaculture fish species, resulting high mortality severe financial loss. Based on previous RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), fliK gene expression significantly up-regulated P. during infection, indicating may contribute to its bacterial pathogenicity. To investigate the rol...

this study was conducted to investigate the effects of curcuma zedoaria and zingiber zerumbet on non-specific immune responses of grouper (epinephelus coioides). fish were fed an experimental diet containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 g/kg of c. zedoaria and z. zerumbet mixed diets twice daily for two weeks. non-specific immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, reactive oxygen species, phago...