The dwarf planet Ceres may have an ice-rich crust, and subsurface ice exposed by impacts or endogenic activity would be subject to sublimation. We model surface and subsurface temperatures on Ceres to assess lifetimes of water ice and other volatiles. Topographic shadowing allows a small but nonnegligible fraction (∼0.4%) of Ceres’ surface to be perennially below the ∼110 K criterion for 1 Gyr ...

[1] Spectral albedo and bidirectional reflectance of snow were measured at Dome C on the East Antarctic Plateau for wavelengths of 350–2400 nm and solar zenith angles of 52°–87°. A parameterization of bidirectional reflectance, based on those measurements, is used as the lower boundary condition in the atmospheric radiation model SBDART to calculate radiance and flux at the top of the atmospher...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a cytokine produced by alveolar macrophages in response to LPS in the lung. Clara cells are bronchiolar epithelial cells that produce a variety of proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS but not to TNF-alpha. In this study, we examined whether TNF-alpha affects Clara cell cytokine production in the setting of LPS stimulation. Using a transformed murine ...

Yovani Marrero Ponce, Miguel A. Cabrera Pérez, Vicente Romero Zaldivar, Marival Bermejo Sanz, Dany Siverio Mota, and Francisco Torrens 5 1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical–Pharmacy. Central University of Las Villas, Santa Clara, 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba 2 Department of Drug Design, Chemical Bioactive Center. Central University of Las Villas, Santa Clara, 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba 3 Fa...

CERES is a dilepton experiment at the CERN SPS, known for its observation of enhanced production of low mass ee pairs in collisions between heavy nuclei [ 1]. The fact that the excess pairs had invariant masses above approximately twice the pion mass and that the enhancement was absent in proton induced collisions [ 2] pointed towards pion annihilation ππ → ρ → ee as the additional source of le...