Abstract. Future wintertime atmospheric circulation changes in the Euro–Atlantic (EAT) and Pacific–North American (PAC) sectors are studied from a weather regimes perspective. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 6 (CMIP5 CMIP6) historical simulation performance reproducing observed is first evaluated, showing general improvement CMIP6 models, which more evident for EAT. projected...

Abstract. This paper describes version 2.0 of the Global Change and Air Pollution (GCAP 2.0) model framework, a one-way offline coupling between E2.1 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation (GCM) GEOS-Chem global 3-D chemical-transport (CTM). Meteorology driving has been archived from contributions to phase 6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) pre-industri...

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can affect tropospheric weather and climate, while the factors affecting surface response to SSWs are not fully understood. This study shows important effects of preconditioned state on displacement split using ERA5 reanalysis historical simulations from 12 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) models. Both CMIP6 models show that signals (e.g., pos...

The strong multidecadal variability in North Atlantic (NA) winter atmospheric circulation is poorly understood and appears too weak climate models. Recent research has shown peak over the NA late winter, particularly March, linked to (AMV) of ocean. Here a range indices are assessed provide comprehensive picture early-to-late low-frequency its representation latest generation models (Coupled Mo...

Abstract Arctic sea ice has been retreating at an accelerating pace over the past decades. Model projections show that Ocean could be almost free in summer by middle of this century. However, uncertainties related to these are relatively large. Here we use 33 global climate models from Coupled Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and select best capture observed sea-ice area volume northward ocean...

Future precipitation changes are typically estimated from climate model simulations, while the credibility of such projections needs to be assessed by their ability capture observed changes. Here we evaluate how skillfully historical simulations contributing Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in mean and extreme precipitation. We find that CMIP6 represent over large parts Eur...

Abstract. Characteristics and trends of surface ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations fluxes into the atmosphere four Earth system models (ESMs: CNRM-ESM2-1, MIROC-ES2L, NorESM2-LM, UKESM1-0-LL) are analysed over recent past (1980–2009) future, using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. The DMS in historical simulations systematically underestimate most widely used ...