Phase-change memory (PCM) is an important class of data storage, yet lowering the programming current of individual devices is known to be a significant challenge. Here we improve the energy-efficiency of PCM by placing a graphene layer at the interface between the phase-change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), and the bottom electrode (W) heater. Graphene-PCM (G-PCM) devices have ∼40% lower RESET cur...

Centrosomes are major microtubule-organizing centers in eukaryotic cells and play a critical role in embryonic development and asymmetric cell division. Centrosomes comprise a pair of centrioles surrounded by an amorphous proteinaceous meshwork called the pericentriolar material (PCM). Robust deposition of PCM around the centrioles is essential for a centrosome to achieve full microtubule nucle...

Introduction The PCM/FM detection system is shown in Fig. 1. The PCM signal is shaped using a premodulation filter, then frequency modulated and transmitted through a channel with additive gaussian noise. The received signal and noise are shaped by a predetection filter. The PCM waveform is recovered using an FM demodulator such as the discriminator, PLL or FCF, and then passed through a PCM De...

The analytic energy gradients for the combined fragment molecular orbital and polarizable continuum model (FMO/PCM) method are derived and implemented. Applications of FMO/PCM geometry optimization to polyalanine show that the structures obtained with the FMO/PCM method are very close to those obtained with the corresponding full ab initio PCM methods. FMO/PCM (RHF/6-31G* level) is used to opti...

The hyaluronan-rich pericellular matrix (PCM) plays physical and chemical roles in biological processes ranging from brain plasticity, to adhesion-dependent phenomena such as cell migration, to the onset of cancer. This study investigates how the spatial distribution of the large negatively charged bottlebrush proteoglycan, aggrecan, impacts PCM morphology and cell surface access. The highly lo...

Phase change memory (PCM) is an emerging memory technology with many attractive features: it is non-volatile, byte-addressable, 2–4X denser than DRAM, and orders of magnitude better than NAND Flash in read latency, write latency, and write endurance. In the near future, PCM is expected to become a common component of the memory/storage hierarchy for a wide range of computer systems. In this pap...

In recent years, the energy consumption of computing systems has increased and a large fraction of this energy is consumed in main memory. Towards this, researchers have proposed use of non-volatile memory, such as phase change memory (PCM), which has low read latency and power; and nearly zero leakage power. However, the write latency and power of PCM are very high and this, along with limited...

INTRODUCTION: Structure and composition of articular cartilage as well as metabolic activity of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) change in osteoarthritis (OA) [1]. Among these changes, cell volume has been reported to increase [1,2]. Furthermore, the structure, composition and mechanical properties of the pericellular matrix (PCM) alter in OA [3]. However, the role of PCM in modulating volumetric...

Three hundred and fifty-two patients with alcoholic hepatitis were evaluated for protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). In order to facilitate data analysis of nutritional status, a PCM score was calculated for each patient using eight nutritional parameters. The PCM score correlated significantly with mortality, clinical severity of the liver disease, and biochemical liver dysfunction. When 30 da...

The pericellular matrix (PCM) is a narrow region that is rich in type VI collagen that surrounds each chondrocyte within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage. Previous studies have demonstrated that the chondrocyte micromechanical environment depends on the relative properties of the chondrocyte, its PCM and the ECM. The objective of this study was to measure the influence of t...