Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are responsible for maintaining a functional blood system throughout life. They fulfill this requirement by giving rise both to new HSC and to a cascade of increasingly mature cells, thereby balancing the processes of selfrenewal and multilineage differentiation. HSC also have a tremendous capability to respond to stress and rapidly restore hematopoietic homeostas...

Demand for raw materials is increasing exponentially. To satisfy that demand, more minerals need to be mined from the Earth’s crust. As a result, are being exhausted, and ore grades decline. Lower grade mines also mean energy, which in turn entails fossil fuel emissions climate change. This paper estimates specific energy beneficiation process of metals lead zinc as case studies. The evaluation...

Telomeres shortening ultimately limits the replicative lifespan of cultured human somatic cells. Telomeres also shorten during replicative aging in vivo in hematopoietic cells, including early hematopoietic progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), from humans and mice, despite readily detectable levels of telomerase in these cells. To assess the relevance of telomerase to the long-term r...

The role that NK cells play in the rejection of hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) and tolerance induction has remained controversial. In this study, we examined whether NK cells play a direct role in the rejection of HSC. Purified HSC from MHC class II-deficient mice engrafted readily in congenic mice, while HSC from class I-deficient donors (beta(2)-microglobulin(-/-) (beta(2)m(-/-))) failed to engr...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW All the cells present in the blood are derived from the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). Because mature blood cells have a limited life span, HSCs must perpetuate themselves through self-renewal to maintain a functional hematopoietic compartment for the lifetime of an organism. This review focuses on studies that identify the Wnt signaling pathway as a mediator of HSC self-renew...

BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are important mediators of liver fibrosis. HSC express purinergic receptors for extracellular ATP that induce fibrogenesis. Pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2', 4'-disulfonate (PPADS) is a highly bioavailable purinoceptor inhibitor. We sought to determine whether PPADS could prevent experimental liver fibrosis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of...

BACKGROUND/AIMS In designing a versatile liposomal drug carrier to hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the interaction of mannose 6-phosphate human serum albumin (M6P-HSA) liposomes with cultured cells was studied. METHODS M6P-HSA was covalently coupled to the liposomal surface and the uptake and binding of 3H-labelled M6P-HSA liposomes by primary rat HSC and liver endothelial cells was determined....

One obstacle to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy for human hematopoietic disorders is the low efficiency of gene transfer into pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). We have previously shown a direct correlation between retrovirus receptor mRNA levels in mouse HSC and the efficiency with which they are transduced. In the present study, we assayed retrovirus receptor mRNA levels in a variet...