The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is the source of all postembryonic aerial organs in plants. Because of their central importance in plant development, SAMs have been studied for more than 100 years and have also become a major focus of molecular genetic studies. These studies indicate that signaling between cells is important in the maintenance of SAM size and structure and for the positioning a...

All above-ground plant organs are derived from shoot apical meristems (SAMs). Global analyses of gene expression were conducted on maize (Zea mays L.) SAMs to identify genes preferentially expressed in the SAM. The SAMs were collected from 14-day-old B73 seedlings via laser capture microdissection (LCM). The RNA samples extracted from LCM-collected SAMs and from seedlings were hybridized to mic...

The South American Monsoon System (SAMS) is generally considered to be highly sensitive to Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature variations on multi-centennial timescales. The direct influence of solar forcing on moisture convergence in global monsoon systems on the other hand, while well explored in modeling studies, has hitherto not been documented in proxy data from the SAMS region. Hence lit...

Ferrocene derivatives containing primary amines and maleimide groups were attached covalently onto Nhydrosuccinimidyl (NHS)-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and SAMs of alkanedithiol. The surface coverage and efficiencies of the two cross-linking reactions were evaluated with cyclic voltammetry. All the ferrocene derivatives attached onto the alkanethiol or alkanedithiol ...

Utilising self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to achieve area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) as an approach bottom-up nanofabrication has recently gained significant attention from the nanoelectronics industry. With continued downscaling of feature sizes, top-down processing can no longer reach challenging demands industry which requires conformal coating high aspect ratio vias and a r...

The incorporation and effective anchorage of gold nanorods in a (111) substrate is applied to electrochemical systems detect dopamine. Gold (AuNRs) were synthesized dispersion. They then incorporated metal mediated by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) which act as structural anchors. Two molecular anchors, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) 4 aminothiophenol (4-ATP) are compared means the charge den...

Bioactive glass (BG) can directly bond to living bone without fibrous tissue encapsulation. Key mechanistic steps of BG's activity are attributed to calcium phosphate formation, surface hydroxylation and fibronectin (FN) adsorption. In the present study, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanesilanes with different surface chemistry (OH, NH(2) and COOH) were used as a model system to mimic B...

All image processing applications of the self-affine mapping system (SAMS) were developed based on the attraction and repellence behaviours. In this paper, we provide some analytical justifications for these properties. Besides, it is shown that the cost function of SAMS sometimes have multiple equivalent solutions which may produce ambiguity. We improve the cost function of self-affine snake a...

Despite the central importance of stem cells in plant growth and development, the molecular signatures associated with them have not been revealed. Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) harbor a small set of stem cells located at the tip of each plant and they are surrounded by several million differentiating cells. This imposes a major limitation in isolating pure populations of stem cells for genomic...

We have undertaken a structural and functional study of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed on gold from a series of alkylthiol compounds containing terminal multivalent chelators (MCHs) composed of mono-, bis-, and tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) moieties. SAMs were formed from single-component solutions of the mono-, bis-, and tris-NTA compounds, as well as from mixtures with a tri(ethyl...