Article history: Received 28 April 2008 Received in revised form 2 October 2008 Accepted 3 December 2008 Latent heatflux in the South China Sea (SCS)mainly based on the Tropical RainMeasuringMission Microwave Imager (TMI) is comparedwith the Objectively Analyzed air-sea heat Fluxes (OAFlux), theGoddard Satellite-BasedSurface Turbulent Fluxes, version2 (GSSTF2), the JapaneseOcean Flux Data Sets ...

This paper presents the revision and evaluation of the interface between the convective parameterization by Emanuel and Živković-Rothman and the Lagrangian particle dispersion model “FLEXPART” based on meteorological data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The convection scheme relies on the ECMWF grid-scale temperature and humidity and provides a matrix necess...

Editorial ECMWF regularly reviews the impact that various observing system data has on the forecast. A recent series of such observing system experiments are reported in the first article (page 2). In January 1997, there were severe floods in Greece due to torrential rainfalls over 12/13 J a n u a r y. The ECMWF forecast for that period is discussed on page 9. Three more reports in the ECMWF Te...

A new tropopause definition, based on a flow-dependent blending of the traditional thermal tropopause with one based on potential vorticity, has been developed. The benefits of such a blending algorithm are most apparent in regions with synoptic scale fluctuations between tropical and extratropical airmasses. The properties of the local airmass determine the relative contributions to the locati...

The distribution of the daily wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in the 40-yr ECMWF ReAnalysis (ERA-40) is significantly negatively skewed. Dynamical and statistical analyses both suggest that this skewness reflects the presence of two distinct regimes—referred to as ‘‘Greenland blocking’’ and ‘‘subpolar jet.’’ Changes in both the relative occurrence and in the structure of the r...

In the present work the Black Sea wave climate is assessed using a total of 38 years of data (1979–2016). As a first step, the long-term variations of the main wave parameters were evaluated using data provided by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Based on these values, the nearshore and offshore conditions from the Black Sea were evaluated. Moreover, the Sea of Az...

a Météo France, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM/GAME), URA CNRS 1357, Toulouse, France b Centre d’Etude Spatiale de la Biosphère (Cesbio), Toulouse, France c Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Toulouse, France d European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF), Reading, United Kingdom e Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcu...